TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of neurofeedback in ADHD
T2 - The long and winding road
AU - Arns, Martijn
AU - Heinrich, Hartmut
AU - Strehl, Ute
PY - 2014/1/1
Y1 - 2014/1/1
N2 - Among the clinical applications of neurofeedback, most research has been conducted in ADHD. As an introduction a short overview of the general history of neurofeedback will be given, while the main part of the paper deals with a review of the current state of neurofeedback in ADHD. A meta-analysis on neurofeedback from 2009 found large effect sizes for inattention and impulsivity and medium effects sizes for hyperactivity. Since 2009 several new studies, including 4 placebo-controlled studies, have been published. These latest studies are reviewed and discussed in more detail. The review focuses on studies employing (1) semi-active, (2) active, and (3) placebo-control groups. The assessment of specificity of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD is discussed and it is concluded that standard protocols such as theta/beta, SMR and slow cortical potentials neurofeedback are well investigated and have demonstrated specificity. The paper ends with an outlook on future questions and tasks. It is concluded that future controlled clinical trials should, in a next step, focus on such known protocols, and be designed along the lines of learning theory.
AB - Among the clinical applications of neurofeedback, most research has been conducted in ADHD. As an introduction a short overview of the general history of neurofeedback will be given, while the main part of the paper deals with a review of the current state of neurofeedback in ADHD. A meta-analysis on neurofeedback from 2009 found large effect sizes for inattention and impulsivity and medium effects sizes for hyperactivity. Since 2009 several new studies, including 4 placebo-controlled studies, have been published. These latest studies are reviewed and discussed in more detail. The review focuses on studies employing (1) semi-active, (2) active, and (3) placebo-control groups. The assessment of specificity of neurofeedback treatment in ADHD is discussed and it is concluded that standard protocols such as theta/beta, SMR and slow cortical potentials neurofeedback are well investigated and have demonstrated specificity. The paper ends with an outlook on future questions and tasks. It is concluded that future controlled clinical trials should, in a next step, focus on such known protocols, and be designed along the lines of learning theory.
KW - ADHD
KW - EEG biofeedback
KW - Neurofeedback
KW - Review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84892524732&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.013
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.11.013
M3 - Article
C2 - 24321363
AN - SCOPUS:84892524732
SN - 0301-0511
VL - 95
SP - 108
EP - 115
JO - Biological Psychology
JF - Biological Psychology
IS - 1
ER -