Evaluation and prediction of individual growth trajectories

Background: Conventional growth charts offer limited guidance to track individual growth.
Aim: To explore new approaches to improve the evaluation and prediction of individual growth
trajectories.
Subjects and methods: We generalise the conditional SDS gain to multiple historical measurements,
using the Cole correlation model to find correlations at exact ages, the sweep operator to find
regression weights and a specified longitudinal reference. We explain the various steps of the
methodology and validate and demonstrate the method using empirical data from the SMOCC
study with 1985 children measured during ten visits at ages 0–2years.
Results: The method performs according to statistical theory. We apply the method to estimate
the referral rates for a given screening policy. We visualise the child’s trajectory as an adaptive
growth chart featuring two new graphical elements: amplitude (for evaluation) and flag (for
prediction). The relevant calculations take about 1 millisecond per child.
Conclusion: Longitudinal references capture the dynamic nature of child growth. The adaptive
growth chart for individual monitoring works with exact ages, corrects for regression to the mean,
has a known distribution at any pair of ages and is fast. We recommend the method for evaluating
and predicting individual child growth.