Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust

J.Y.Y. Wong; R. Vermeulen; Y. Dai; W. Hu; W.K. Martin; S.H. Warren; H.K. Liberatore; D. Ren; H. Duan; Y. Niu; J. Xu; W. Fu; K. Meliefste; J. Yang; M. Ye; X. Jia; T. Meng; B.A. Bassig; H.D. Hosgood; J. Choi; M.L. Rahman; D.I. Walker; Y. Zheng; J. Mumford; D.T. Silverman; N. Rothman; D.M. DeMarini; Q. Lan

doi:10.1002/em.22455

Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust

J.Y.Y. Wong^*, R. Vermeulen, Y. Dai, W. Hu, W.K. Martin, S.H. Warren, H.K. Liberatore, D. Ren, H. Duan, Y. Niu, J. Xu, W. Fu, K. Meliefste, J. Yang, M. Ye, X. Jia, T. Meng, B.A. Bassig, H.D. Hosgood, J. ChoiM.L. Rahman, D.I. Walker, Y. Zheng, J. Mumford, D.T. Silverman, N. Rothman, D.M. DeMarini, Q. Lan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Urinary mutagenicity reflects systemic exposure to complex mixtures of genotoxic/carcinogenic agents and is linked to tumor development. Coal combustion emissions (CCE) and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) are associated with cancers of the lung and other sites, but their influence on urinary mutagenicity is unclear. We investigated associations between exposure to CCE or DEE and urinary mutagenicity. In two separate cross-sectional studies of nonsmokers, organic extracts of urine were evaluated for mutagenicity levels using strain YG1041 in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. First, we compared levels among 10 female bituminous (smoky) coal users from Laibin, Xuanwei, China, and 10 female anthracite (smokeless) coal users. We estimated exposure–response relationships using indoor air concentrations of two carcinogens in CCE relevant to lung cancer, 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Second, we compared levels among 20 highly exposed male diesel factory workers and 15 unexposed male controls; we evaluated exposure-response relationships using elemental carbon (EC) as a DEE-surrogate. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate associations. Laibin smoky coal users had significantly higher average urinary mutagenicity levels compared to smokeless coal users (28.4 ± 14.0 SD vs. 0.9 ± 2.8 SD rev/ml-eq, p = 2 × 10⁻⁵) and a significant exposure-response relationship with 5MC (p = 7 × 10⁻⁴). DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher urinary mutagenicity levels compared to unexposed controls (13.0 ± 10.1 SD vs. 5.6 ± 4.4 SD rev/ml-eq, p =.02) and a significant exposure-response relationship with EC (p-trend = 2 × 10⁻³). Exposure to CCE and DEE is associated with urinary mutagenicity, suggesting systemic exposure to mutagens, potentially contributing to cancer risk and development at various sites.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	458-470
Number of pages	13
Journal	Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
Volume	62
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22455
Publication status	Published - Oct 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank all the subjects who volunteered to participate in these studies, as well as Brian Chorley and Rex Pegram (US EPA) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by intramural funding from the National Cancer Institute. W. Kyle Martin was supported by a predoctoral traineeship (National Research Service Award T32 ES007126) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. The urinary mutagenicity analyses were performed at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, and were supported by the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. This article has been reviewed and approved for publication by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Research and Development and the Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA and/or the NCI, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation of use.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Environmental Mutagen Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

Keywords

Salmonella mutagenicity
coal combustion
complex mixtures
diesel exhaust
smoky coal
urinary genotoxicity biomarkers

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1002/em.22455

Environ and Mol Mutagen - 2021 - Wong - Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustionFinal published version, 2.3 MBLicence: Taverne

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Wong, J. Y. Y., Vermeulen, R., Dai, Y., Hu, W., Martin, W. K., Warren, S. H., Liberatore, H. K., Ren, D., Duan, H., Niu, Y., Xu, J., Fu, W., Meliefste, K., Yang, J., Ye, M., Jia, X., Meng, T., Bassig, B. A., Hosgood, H. D., ... Lan, Q. (2021). Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 62(8), 458-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22455

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title = "Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust",

abstract = "Urinary mutagenicity reflects systemic exposure to complex mixtures of genotoxic/carcinogenic agents and is linked to tumor development. Coal combustion emissions (CCE) and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) are associated with cancers of the lung and other sites, but their influence on urinary mutagenicity is unclear. We investigated associations between exposure to CCE or DEE and urinary mutagenicity. In two separate cross-sectional studies of nonsmokers, organic extracts of urine were evaluated for mutagenicity levels using strain YG1041 in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. First, we compared levels among 10 female bituminous (smoky) coal users from Laibin, Xuanwei, China, and 10 female anthracite (smokeless) coal users. We estimated exposure–response relationships using indoor air concentrations of two carcinogens in CCE relevant to lung cancer, 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Second, we compared levels among 20 highly exposed male diesel factory workers and 15 unexposed male controls; we evaluated exposure-response relationships using elemental carbon (EC) as a DEE-surrogate. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate associations. Laibin smoky coal users had significantly higher average urinary mutagenicity levels compared to smokeless coal users (28.4 ± 14.0 SD vs. 0.9 ± 2.8 SD rev/ml-eq, p = 2 × 10−5) and a significant exposure-response relationship with 5MC (p = 7 × 10−4). DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher urinary mutagenicity levels compared to unexposed controls (13.0 ± 10.1 SD vs. 5.6 ± 4.4 SD rev/ml-eq, p =.02) and a significant exposure-response relationship with EC (p-trend = 2 × 10−3). Exposure to CCE and DEE is associated with urinary mutagenicity, suggesting systemic exposure to mutagens, potentially contributing to cancer risk and development at various sites.",

keywords = "Salmonella mutagenicity, coal combustion, complex mixtures, diesel exhaust, smoky coal, urinary genotoxicity biomarkers",

author = "J.Y.Y. Wong and R. Vermeulen and Y. Dai and W. Hu and W.K. Martin and S.H. Warren and H.K. Liberatore and D. Ren and H. Duan and Y. Niu and J. Xu and W. Fu and K. Meliefste and J. Yang and M. Ye and X. Jia and T. Meng and B.A. Bassig and H.D. Hosgood and J. Choi and M.L. Rahman and D.I. Walker and Y. Zheng and J. Mumford and D.T. Silverman and N. Rothman and D.M. DeMarini and Q. Lan",

note = "Funding Information: We thank all the subjects who volunteered to participate in these studies, as well as Brian Chorley and Rex Pegram (US EPA) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by intramural funding from the National Cancer Institute. W. Kyle Martin was supported by a predoctoral traineeship (National Research Service Award T32 ES007126) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. The urinary mutagenicity analyses were performed at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, and were supported by the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. This article has been reviewed and approved for publication by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Research and Development and the Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA and/or the NCI, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Environmental Mutagen Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1002/em.22455",

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Wong, JYY, Vermeulen, R, Dai, Y, Hu, W, Martin, WK, Warren, SH, Liberatore, HK, Ren, D, Duan, H, Niu, Y, Xu, J, Fu, W, Meliefste, K, Yang, J, Ye, M, Jia, X, Meng, T, Bassig, BA, Hosgood, HD, Choi, J, Rahman, ML, Walker, DI, Zheng, Y, Mumford, J, Silverman, DT, Rothman, N, DeMarini, DM & Lan, Q 2021, 'Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust', Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 458-470. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22455

TY - JOUR

T1 - Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust

AU - Wong, J.Y.Y.

AU - Vermeulen, R.

AU - Dai, Y.

AU - Hu, W.

AU - Martin, W.K.

AU - Warren, S.H.

AU - Liberatore, H.K.

AU - Ren, D.

AU - Duan, H.

AU - Niu, Y.

AU - Xu, J.

AU - Fu, W.

AU - Meliefste, K.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Ye, M.

AU - Jia, X.

AU - Meng, T.

AU - Bassig, B.A.

AU - Hosgood, H.D.

AU - Choi, J.

AU - Rahman, M.L.

AU - Walker, D.I.

AU - Zheng, Y.

AU - Mumford, J.

AU - Silverman, D.T.

AU - Rothman, N.

AU - DeMarini, D.M.

AU - Lan, Q.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank all the subjects who volunteered to participate in these studies, as well as Brian Chorley and Rex Pegram (US EPA) for their helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by intramural funding from the National Cancer Institute. W. Kyle Martin was supported by a predoctoral traineeship (National Research Service Award T32 ES007126) from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. The urinary mutagenicity analyses were performed at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, and were supported by the intramural research program of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) of the US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC. This article has been reviewed and approved for publication by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Research and Development and the Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the US EPA and/or the NCI, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation of use. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Environmental Mutagen Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

PY - 2021/10

Y1 - 2021/10

N2 - Urinary mutagenicity reflects systemic exposure to complex mixtures of genotoxic/carcinogenic agents and is linked to tumor development. Coal combustion emissions (CCE) and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) are associated with cancers of the lung and other sites, but their influence on urinary mutagenicity is unclear. We investigated associations between exposure to CCE or DEE and urinary mutagenicity. In two separate cross-sectional studies of nonsmokers, organic extracts of urine were evaluated for mutagenicity levels using strain YG1041 in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. First, we compared levels among 10 female bituminous (smoky) coal users from Laibin, Xuanwei, China, and 10 female anthracite (smokeless) coal users. We estimated exposure–response relationships using indoor air concentrations of two carcinogens in CCE relevant to lung cancer, 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Second, we compared levels among 20 highly exposed male diesel factory workers and 15 unexposed male controls; we evaluated exposure-response relationships using elemental carbon (EC) as a DEE-surrogate. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate associations. Laibin smoky coal users had significantly higher average urinary mutagenicity levels compared to smokeless coal users (28.4 ± 14.0 SD vs. 0.9 ± 2.8 SD rev/ml-eq, p = 2 × 10−5) and a significant exposure-response relationship with 5MC (p = 7 × 10−4). DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher urinary mutagenicity levels compared to unexposed controls (13.0 ± 10.1 SD vs. 5.6 ± 4.4 SD rev/ml-eq, p =.02) and a significant exposure-response relationship with EC (p-trend = 2 × 10−3). Exposure to CCE and DEE is associated with urinary mutagenicity, suggesting systemic exposure to mutagens, potentially contributing to cancer risk and development at various sites.

AB - Urinary mutagenicity reflects systemic exposure to complex mixtures of genotoxic/carcinogenic agents and is linked to tumor development. Coal combustion emissions (CCE) and diesel engine exhaust (DEE) are associated with cancers of the lung and other sites, but their influence on urinary mutagenicity is unclear. We investigated associations between exposure to CCE or DEE and urinary mutagenicity. In two separate cross-sectional studies of nonsmokers, organic extracts of urine were evaluated for mutagenicity levels using strain YG1041 in the Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay. First, we compared levels among 10 female bituminous (smoky) coal users from Laibin, Xuanwei, China, and 10 female anthracite (smokeless) coal users. We estimated exposure–response relationships using indoor air concentrations of two carcinogens in CCE relevant to lung cancer, 5-methylchrysene (5MC), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Second, we compared levels among 20 highly exposed male diesel factory workers and 15 unexposed male controls; we evaluated exposure-response relationships using elemental carbon (EC) as a DEE-surrogate. Age-adjusted linear regression was used to estimate associations. Laibin smoky coal users had significantly higher average urinary mutagenicity levels compared to smokeless coal users (28.4 ± 14.0 SD vs. 0.9 ± 2.8 SD rev/ml-eq, p = 2 × 10−5) and a significant exposure-response relationship with 5MC (p = 7 × 10−4). DEE-exposed workers had significantly higher urinary mutagenicity levels compared to unexposed controls (13.0 ± 10.1 SD vs. 5.6 ± 4.4 SD rev/ml-eq, p =.02) and a significant exposure-response relationship with EC (p-trend = 2 × 10−3). Exposure to CCE and DEE is associated with urinary mutagenicity, suggesting systemic exposure to mutagens, potentially contributing to cancer risk and development at various sites.

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KW - coal combustion

KW - complex mixtures

KW - diesel exhaust

KW - smoky coal

KW - urinary genotoxicity biomarkers

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U2 - 10.1002/em.22455

DO - 10.1002/em.22455

M3 - Article

SN - 0893-6692

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SP - 458

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JO - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

IS - 8

ER -

Elevated urinary mutagenicity among those exposed to bituminous coal combustion emissions or diesel engine exhaust

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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