TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficacy or inefficacy, that's the question
T2 - Burnout and work engagement, and their relationships with efficacy beliefs
AU - Schaufeli, Wilmar B.
AU - Salanova, Marisa
PY - 2007/6/1
Y1 - 2007/6/1
N2 - We challenge traditional view that lack of efficacy - measured with the corresponding reversed efficacy scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI) - is a burnout dimension. Instead, we claim that in addition to exhaustion and cynicism, inefficacy - measured with a newly developed scale - characterizes burnout. MBI-efficacy is apparently related to work engagement, considered as the positive antithesis of burnout. We performed Structural Equation Modeling in two samples of Spanish (n=239) and Dutch (n=235) university students, and two Spanish employee samples, working in various jobs (n=342) and working with information and communication technologies (n=283). Our expectations were largely confirmed: (1) compared with efficacy beliefs inefficacy beliefs relate more strongly to the other two burnout components; (2) the alternative three-factor burnout model including inefficacy fits better to the data than the traditional model including efficacy; (3) a model with inefficacy loading on burnout and efficacy loading on engagement fits the data. It is suggested that an inefficacy scale rather than a reversed efficacy scale should be used to assess burnout in future studies.
AB - We challenge traditional view that lack of efficacy - measured with the corresponding reversed efficacy scale (Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI) - is a burnout dimension. Instead, we claim that in addition to exhaustion and cynicism, inefficacy - measured with a newly developed scale - characterizes burnout. MBI-efficacy is apparently related to work engagement, considered as the positive antithesis of burnout. We performed Structural Equation Modeling in two samples of Spanish (n=239) and Dutch (n=235) university students, and two Spanish employee samples, working in various jobs (n=342) and working with information and communication technologies (n=283). Our expectations were largely confirmed: (1) compared with efficacy beliefs inefficacy beliefs relate more strongly to the other two burnout components; (2) the alternative three-factor burnout model including inefficacy fits better to the data than the traditional model including efficacy; (3) a model with inefficacy loading on burnout and efficacy loading on engagement fits the data. It is suggested that an inefficacy scale rather than a reversed efficacy scale should be used to assess burnout in future studies.
KW - Burnout
KW - Efficacy
KW - Inefficacy
KW - Work engagement
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248526235&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10615800701217878
DO - 10.1080/10615800701217878
M3 - Article
C2 - 17999223
AN - SCOPUS:34248526235
SN - 1061-5806
VL - 20
SP - 177
EP - 196
JO - Anxiety, Stress and Coping
JF - Anxiety, Stress and Coping
IS - 2
ER -