TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication on anaesthetic induction with alfaxalone in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
AU - Bakker, Jaco
AU - Roubos, Sandra
AU - Remarque, Edmond J
AU - Arndt, Saskia S
AU - Kronen, Peter W
AU - Langermans, Jan Am
N1 - Copyright © 2018 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/5/1
Y1 - 2018/5/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone alone or in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication in marmosets.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.ANIMALS: Nine healthy marmosets (391 ± 48 g, 3.7 ± 2.2 years old).METHODS: Meloxicam 0.20 mg kg-1 subcutaneously, atropine 0.05 mg kg-1 intramuscularly (IM) and either buprenorphine 20 μg kg-1 IM (BUP-A), butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1 IM (BUT-A), tramadol 1.5 mg kg-1 IM (TRA-A) or no additional drug (control) were administered to all marmosets as premedication. After 1 hour, anaesthesia was induced with 16 mg kg-1 alfaxalone IV. All animals received all protocols. The order of protocol allocation was randomized with a minimum 28 day wash-out period. During anaesthesia, respiratory and pulse rates, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pedal withdrawal reflexes and degree of muscle relaxation were assessed and recorded every 5 minutes. Quality of induction and recovery were assessed. Duration of induction, immobilization and recovery were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. The protocols were compared using paired t tests, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test with Bonferroni's corrections and linear mixed effect models where appropriate.RESULTS: Out of nine animals, apnoea was noted in eight animals administered protocol BUP-A and two animals administered protocol BUT-A. With TRA-A and control protocols, apnoea was not observed. No other significant differences in any of the parameters were found; however, low arterial blood pressures and hypoxia occurred in TRA-A.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study employing different premedications suggests that the previously published dose of 16 mg kg-1 alfaxalone is too high when used with premedication because we found a high incidence of complications including apnoea (BUP-A), hypotension and hypoxaemia (TRA-A). Appropriate monitoring and countermeasures are recommended.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone alone or in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication in marmosets.STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.ANIMALS: Nine healthy marmosets (391 ± 48 g, 3.7 ± 2.2 years old).METHODS: Meloxicam 0.20 mg kg-1 subcutaneously, atropine 0.05 mg kg-1 intramuscularly (IM) and either buprenorphine 20 μg kg-1 IM (BUP-A), butorphanol 0.2 mg kg-1 IM (BUT-A), tramadol 1.5 mg kg-1 IM (TRA-A) or no additional drug (control) were administered to all marmosets as premedication. After 1 hour, anaesthesia was induced with 16 mg kg-1 alfaxalone IV. All animals received all protocols. The order of protocol allocation was randomized with a minimum 28 day wash-out period. During anaesthesia, respiratory and pulse rates, rectal temperature, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure, palpebral and pedal withdrawal reflexes and degree of muscle relaxation were assessed and recorded every 5 minutes. Quality of induction and recovery were assessed. Duration of induction, immobilization and recovery were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. The protocols were compared using paired t tests, Wilcoxon's signed-rank test with Bonferroni's corrections and linear mixed effect models where appropriate.RESULTS: Out of nine animals, apnoea was noted in eight animals administered protocol BUP-A and two animals administered protocol BUT-A. With TRA-A and control protocols, apnoea was not observed. No other significant differences in any of the parameters were found; however, low arterial blood pressures and hypoxia occurred in TRA-A.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study employing different premedications suggests that the previously published dose of 16 mg kg-1 alfaxalone is too high when used with premedication because we found a high incidence of complications including apnoea (BUP-A), hypotension and hypoxaemia (TRA-A). Appropriate monitoring and countermeasures are recommended.
KW - alfaxone
KW - anaesthesia
KW - marmosets
KW - premedication
UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/effects-buprenorphine-butorphanol-tramadol-premedication-anaesthetic-induction-alfaxalone-common-mar
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.06.009
DO - 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.06.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 29628389
SN - 1467-2987
VL - 45
SP - 309
EP - 319
JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
ER -