Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study

B A G L van Cleef; B H B van Benthem; E J M Verkade; M van Rijen; M F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh; L M Schouls; B Duim; Jaap Wagenaar; H Graveland; M E H Bos; D Heederik; J A J W Kluytmans

doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12582

Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study

B A G L van Cleef, B H B van Benthem, E J M Verkade, M van Rijen, M F Q Kluytmans-van den Bergh, L M Schouls, B Duim, Jaap Wagenaar, H Graveland, M E H Bos, D Heederik, J A J W Kluytmans

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Abstract

Our purpose was to determine the dynamics of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) carriage and its determinants in persons working at pig farms, in order to identify targets for interventions. This prospective cohort study surveyed 49 pig farms in the Netherlands on six sampling dates in 1 year (2010-11). Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, as well as environmental surface samples from stables and house. Of 110 pig farmers, 38% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers. The average cross-sectional MRSA prevalence was 63%. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) nasal carriage was associated with fewer MRSA acquisitions (prevalence rate (PR) = 0.47, p 0.02). In multivariate analysis, an age of 40-49 years (PR = 2.13, p 0.01), a working week of ≥40 h (PR=1.89, p 0.01), giving birth assistance to sows (PR=2.26, p 0.03), removing manure of finisher pigs (PR=0.48, p 0.02), and wearing a facemask (PR = 0.13, p 0.02) were significantly related with persistent MRSA nasal carriage. A higher MRSA exposure in stables was associated with MRSA in pig farmers (p <0.0001). This study describes a very high prevalence of LA-MRSA carriage in pig farmers, reflecting extensive exposure during work. We identified the possible protective effects of MSSA carriage and of continuously wearing a facemask during work.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	O764-O771
Journal	Clinical Microbiology and Infection
Volume	20
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12582
Publication status	Published - Oct 2014

Keywords

Dynamics of carriage
epidemiology
livestock
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcusaureus
MRSA
MSSA
pigs
ST398
the Netherlands

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10.1111/1469-0691.12582

PIIS1198743X14654185Final published version, 171 KB

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van Cleef, B. A. G. L., van Benthem, B. H. B., Verkade, E. J. M., van Rijen, M., Kluytmans-van den Bergh, M. F. Q., Schouls, L. M., Duim, B., Wagenaar, J., Graveland, H., Bos, M. E. H., Heederik, D., & Kluytmans, J. A. J. W. (2014). Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20(10), O764-O771. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12582

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title = "Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study",

abstract = "Our purpose was to determine the dynamics of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) carriage and its determinants in persons working at pig farms, in order to identify targets for interventions. This prospective cohort study surveyed 49 pig farms in the Netherlands on six sampling dates in 1 year (2010-11). Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, as well as environmental surface samples from stables and house. Of 110 pig farmers, 38% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers. The average cross-sectional MRSA prevalence was 63%. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) nasal carriage was associated with fewer MRSA acquisitions (prevalence rate (PR) = 0.47, p 0.02). In multivariate analysis, an age of 40-49 years (PR = 2.13, p 0.01), a working week of ≥40 h (PR=1.89, p 0.01), giving birth assistance to sows (PR=2.26, p 0.03), removing manure of finisher pigs (PR=0.48, p 0.02), and wearing a facemask (PR = 0.13, p 0.02) were significantly related with persistent MRSA nasal carriage. A higher MRSA exposure in stables was associated with MRSA in pig farmers (p <0.0001). This study describes a very high prevalence of LA-MRSA carriage in pig farmers, reflecting extensive exposure during work. We identified the possible protective effects of MSSA carriage and of continuously wearing a facemask during work.",

keywords = "Dynamics of carriage, epidemiology, livestock, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcusaureus, MRSA, MSSA, pigs, ST398, the Netherlands",

author = "{van Cleef}, {B A G L} and {van Benthem}, {B H B} and Verkade, {E J M} and {van Rijen}, M and {Kluytmans-van den Bergh}, {M F Q} and Schouls, {L M} and B Duim and Jaap Wagenaar and H Graveland and Bos, {M E H} and D Heederik and Kluytmans, {J A J W}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2014 The Authors Clinical Microbiology and Infection {\textcopyright} 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.",

year = "2014",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1111/1469-0691.12582",

language = "English",

volume = "20",

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van Cleef, BAGL, van Benthem, BHB, Verkade, EJM, van Rijen, M, Kluytmans-van den Bergh, MFQ, Schouls, LM, Duim, B , Wagenaar, J, Graveland, H, Bos, MEH, Heederik, D & Kluytmans, JAJW 2014, 'Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study', Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. O764-O771. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12582

Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study. / van Cleef, B A G L; van Benthem, B H B; Verkade, E J M et al.
In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol. 20, No. 10, 10.2014, p. O764-O771.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers

T2 - a prospective cohort study

AU - van Cleef, B A G L

AU - van Benthem, B H B

AU - Verkade, E J M

AU - van Rijen, M

AU - Kluytmans-van den Bergh, M F Q

AU - Schouls, L M

AU - Duim, B

AU - Wagenaar, Jaap

AU - Graveland, H

AU - Bos, M E H

AU - Heederik, D

AU - Kluytmans, J A J W

PY - 2014/10

Y1 - 2014/10

N2 - Our purpose was to determine the dynamics of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) carriage and its determinants in persons working at pig farms, in order to identify targets for interventions. This prospective cohort study surveyed 49 pig farms in the Netherlands on six sampling dates in 1 year (2010-11). Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, as well as environmental surface samples from stables and house. Of 110 pig farmers, 38% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers. The average cross-sectional MRSA prevalence was 63%. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) nasal carriage was associated with fewer MRSA acquisitions (prevalence rate (PR) = 0.47, p 0.02). In multivariate analysis, an age of 40-49 years (PR = 2.13, p 0.01), a working week of ≥40 h (PR=1.89, p 0.01), giving birth assistance to sows (PR=2.26, p 0.03), removing manure of finisher pigs (PR=0.48, p 0.02), and wearing a facemask (PR = 0.13, p 0.02) were significantly related with persistent MRSA nasal carriage. A higher MRSA exposure in stables was associated with MRSA in pig farmers (p <0.0001). This study describes a very high prevalence of LA-MRSA carriage in pig farmers, reflecting extensive exposure during work. We identified the possible protective effects of MSSA carriage and of continuously wearing a facemask during work.

AB - Our purpose was to determine the dynamics of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) carriage and its determinants in persons working at pig farms, in order to identify targets for interventions. This prospective cohort study surveyed 49 pig farms in the Netherlands on six sampling dates in 1 year (2010-11). Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected, as well as environmental surface samples from stables and house. Of 110 pig farmers, 38% were persistent MRSA nasal carriers. The average cross-sectional MRSA prevalence was 63%. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) nasal carriage was associated with fewer MRSA acquisitions (prevalence rate (PR) = 0.47, p 0.02). In multivariate analysis, an age of 40-49 years (PR = 2.13, p 0.01), a working week of ≥40 h (PR=1.89, p 0.01), giving birth assistance to sows (PR=2.26, p 0.03), removing manure of finisher pigs (PR=0.48, p 0.02), and wearing a facemask (PR = 0.13, p 0.02) were significantly related with persistent MRSA nasal carriage. A higher MRSA exposure in stables was associated with MRSA in pig farmers (p <0.0001). This study describes a very high prevalence of LA-MRSA carriage in pig farmers, reflecting extensive exposure during work. We identified the possible protective effects of MSSA carriage and of continuously wearing a facemask during work.

KW - Dynamics of carriage

KW - epidemiology

KW - livestock

KW - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

KW - methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcusaureus

KW - MRSA

KW - MSSA

KW - pigs

KW - ST398

KW - the Netherlands

U2 - 10.1111/1469-0691.12582

DO - 10.1111/1469-0691.12582

M3 - Article

C2 - 24494859

SN - 1198-743X

VL - 20

SP - O764-O771

JO - Clinical Microbiology and Infection

JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection

IS - 10

ER -

Dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus carriage in pig farmers: a prospective cohort study

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Keywords

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