TY - JOUR
T1 - Digestion and Transport across the Intestinal Epithelium Affects the Allergenicity of Ara h 1 and 3 but Not of Ara h 2 and 6
AU - Smits, Mark
AU - Nooijen, Irene
AU - Redegeld, Frank
AU - de Jong, Aard
AU - Le, Thuy-My
AU - Knulst, André
AU - Houben, Geert
AU - Verhoeckx, Kitty
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors want to thank B.R. Blokhuis, C.F. den Hartog Jager, A.M.T. Ouwens, M. Gröllers‐Mulderij, and A.E.A.M. Speulman‐Saat for their help with the experimental work. This research was supported by Dutch Governmental TNO Research Cooperation Funds.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - SCOPE: No accepted and validated methods are currently available which can accurately predict protein allergenicity. In this study, the role of digestion and transport on protein allergenicity is investigated.METHODS AND RESULTS: Peanut allergens (Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6) and a milk allergen (β-lactoglobulin) are transported across pig intestinal epithelium using the InTESTine model and afterward basophil activation is measured to assess the (remaining) functional properties. Additionally, allergens are digested by pepsin prior to epithelial transport and their allergenicity is assessed in a human mast cell activation assay. Remarkably, transported Ara h 1 and 3 are not able to activate basophils, in contrast to Ara h 2 and 6. Digestion prior to transport results in a significant increase in mast cell activation of Ara h 1 and 3 dependent on the length of digestion time. Activation of mast cells by Ara h 2 and 6 is unaffected by digestion prior to transport.CONCLUSIONS: Digestion and transport influences the allergenicity of Ara h 1 and 3, but not of Ara h 2 and 6. The influence of digestion and transport on protein allergenicity may explain why current in vitro assays are not predictive for allergenicity.
AB - SCOPE: No accepted and validated methods are currently available which can accurately predict protein allergenicity. In this study, the role of digestion and transport on protein allergenicity is investigated.METHODS AND RESULTS: Peanut allergens (Ara h 1, 2, 3, and 6) and a milk allergen (β-lactoglobulin) are transported across pig intestinal epithelium using the InTESTine model and afterward basophil activation is measured to assess the (remaining) functional properties. Additionally, allergens are digested by pepsin prior to epithelial transport and their allergenicity is assessed in a human mast cell activation assay. Remarkably, transported Ara h 1 and 3 are not able to activate basophils, in contrast to Ara h 2 and 6. Digestion prior to transport results in a significant increase in mast cell activation of Ara h 1 and 3 dependent on the length of digestion time. Activation of mast cells by Ara h 2 and 6 is unaffected by digestion prior to transport.CONCLUSIONS: Digestion and transport influences the allergenicity of Ara h 1 and 3, but not of Ara h 2 and 6. The influence of digestion and transport on protein allergenicity may explain why current in vitro assays are not predictive for allergenicity.
KW - allergenicity prediction
KW - basophil and mast cell activation
KW - food allergy
KW - intestinal protein transport
KW - protein digestion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85099747964&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.202000712
DO - 10.1002/mnfr.202000712
M3 - Article
C2 - 33434390
SN - 1613-4125
VL - 65
JO - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
JF - Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
IS - 6
M1 - 2000712
ER -