Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and older adults, for which there is no known correlate of protection. Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have an important role, but little is known about the development, heterogeneity, and durability of these functional responses. In light of future vaccine strategies, a clear view of the immunological background and differences between various target populations is of crucial importance. In this study, we have assessed both quantitative and qualitative aspects of RSV-specific serum antibodies, including IgG/IgA levels, IgG subclasses, antibody-dependent complement deposition, cellular phagocytosis, and NK cell activation (ADNKA). Samples were collected cross-sectionally in different age groups (11-, 24-, and 46-month-old children, adults, and older adults; n = 31–35 per group) and longitudinally following natural RSV infection in (older) adults (2–36 months post-infection; n = 10). We found that serum of 24-month-old children induces significantly lower ADNKA than the serum of adults (P < 0.01), which is not explained by antibody levels. Furthermore, in (older) adults we observed boosting of antibody levels and functionality at 2–3 months after RSV infection, except for ADNKA. The strongest decrease was subsequently observed within the first 9 months, after which levels remained relatively stable up to three years post-infection. Together, these data provide a comprehensive overview of the functional landscape of RSV-specific serum antibodies in the human population, highlighting that while antibodies reach adult levels already at a young age, ADNKA requires more time to fully develop.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Article number | uxad101 |
Pages (from-to) | 79-93 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Journal | Clinical and Experimental Immunology |
Volume | 214 |
Issue number | 1 |
Early online date | 22 Aug 2023 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology.
Funding
This work was funded by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport (VWS).
Funders | Funder number |
---|---|
Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport |
Keywords
- anti-viral immunity
- antibodies
- complement
- cytotoxicity
- phagocytosis