Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots

Sascha Waidmann; Michel Ruiz Rosquete; Maria Schöller; Elizabeth Sarkel; Heike Lindner; Therese LaRue; Ivan Petřík; Kai Dünser; Shanice Martopawiro; Rashmi Sasidharan; Ondrej Novak; Krzysztof Wabnik; José R. Dinneny; Jürgen Kleine-Vehn

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11483-4

Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots

Sascha Waidmann, Michel Ruiz Rosquete, Maria Schöller, Elizabeth Sarkel, Heike Lindner, Therese LaRue, Ivan Petřík, Kai Dünser, Shanice Martopawiro, Rashmi Sasidharan, Ondrej Novak, Krzysztof Wabnik, José R. Dinneny, Jürgen Kleine-Vehn

Sub Plant Ecophysiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Directional organ growth allows the plant root system to strategically cover its surroundings. Intercellular auxin transport is aligned with the gravity vector in the primary root tips, facilitating downward organ bending at the lower root flank. Here we show that cytokinin signaling functions as a lateral root specific anti-gravitropic component, promoting the radial distribution of the root system. We performed a genome-wide association study and reveal that signal peptide processing of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (CKX2) affects its enzymatic activity and, thereby, determines the degradation of cytokinins in natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cytokinin signaling interferes with growth at the upper lateral root flank and thereby prevents downward bending. Our interdisciplinary approach proposes that two phytohormonal cues at opposite organ flanks counterbalance each other’s negative impact on growth, suppressing organ growth towards gravity and allow for radial expansion of the root system.

Original language	English
Article number	3540
Number of pages	14
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	10
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11483-4
Publication status	Published - 6 Aug 2019

Funding

We are grateful to Bruno Müller, Thomas Schmülling, Magnus Nordborg, Wolfgang Busch, Ben Scheres, Jiri Friml, Dirk Inze, Jungmook Kim, Tomas Werner, Marketa Pernisova, Eva Benkova, Joseph Kieber, and Lieven De Veylder for sharing published material; Marget Sauter, Ilka Reichardt-Gomez, Ümit Seren and Envel Kerdaffrec for helpful discussions; Jit Thacker for help with preparing the manuscript; Hana Mar-tínková for help with phytohormone analyses; and the BOKU-VIBT Imaging Centre for access and expertize. This work was supported by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) (DOC fellowship to K.D.), Fulbright-Austria Marshall Plan student grant (to E.S.), Vienna Research Group (VRG) program of the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF) (to J.K-V.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (P29754) (to J.K-V.), the European Research Council (ERC) (Starting Grant 639478-AuxinER) (to J.K-V.), Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft fellowship (LI 2776/1-1) (to H.L.); and work was funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (National Program for Sustainability I, grant no. LO1204) (to O.N.), and Programa de Atracción de Talento 2017 (Comunidad de Madrid, 2017-T1/BIO-5654 to K.W.).

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Waidmann, S., Ruiz Rosquete, M., Schöller, M., Sarkel, E., Lindner, H., LaRue, T., Petřík, I., Dünser, K., Martopawiro, S., Sasidharan, R., Novak, O., Wabnik, K., Dinneny, J. R., & Kleine-Vehn, J. (2019). Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots. Nature Communications, 10(1), Article 3540. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11483-4

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abstract = "Directional organ growth allows the plant root system to strategically cover its surroundings. Intercellular auxin transport is aligned with the gravity vector in the primary root tips, facilitating downward organ bending at the lower root flank. Here we show that cytokinin signaling functions as a lateral root specific anti-gravitropic component, promoting the radial distribution of the root system. We performed a genome-wide association study and reveal that signal peptide processing of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (CKX2) affects its enzymatic activity and, thereby, determines the degradation of cytokinins in natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cytokinin signaling interferes with growth at the upper lateral root flank and thereby prevents downward bending. Our interdisciplinary approach proposes that two phytohormonal cues at opposite organ flanks counterbalance each other{\textquoteright}s negative impact on growth, suppressing organ growth towards gravity and allow for radial expansion of the root system.",

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AU - LaRue, Therese

AU - Petřík, Ivan

AU - Dünser, Kai

AU - Martopawiro, Shanice

AU - Sasidharan, Rashmi

AU - Novak, Ondrej

AU - Wabnik, Krzysztof

AU - Dinneny, José R.

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Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots

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