Culture and perceptions on cancer risk and prevention, information access, and source credibility: a qualitative interview study in Chinese adults

We aimed to explore cancer risk and prevention perceptions, information access, and source credibility evaluation about cancer risk and prevention in adults in an Eastern cultural context (China). We conducted 32 in-depth interviews in two Chinese cities: Shanghai and Wuhan, from September 2016 to January 2017. Though not fully supported by scientific evidence, our findings showed that stress was among the top five concerns in the participants’ perceptions of cancer risk and prevention. Obesity and infectious agents, significant cancer risks for Chinese populations, did not receive so much attention among the participants. Principles of Eastern culture, such as change, contradiction, and holism, were reflected in the participants’ interpretations and understandings of cancer risk and prevention. Beliefs in fate or destiny, as associated with Eastern culture, were also apparent in the strongly fatalistic views towards cancer prevention of some participants. Individual responsibility for cancer risk, rather than collective responsibility (such as government or society), was emphasised by participants. Except for personal social networks, the information channels where the participants frequently accessed cancer risk and prevention information (the media) were completely different from the information channels they trusted (healthcare system). Our findings provide useful references for cancer risk and prevention communication and education in China.