Convolutional neural networks for the detection of the early inspiral of a gravitational-wave signal

Grégory Baltus, Justin Janquart, Melissa Lopez, Amit Reza, Sarah Caudill, Jean René Cudell

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

GW170817 has led to the first example of multimessenger astronomy with observations from gravitational wave interferometers and electromagnetic telescopes combined to characterize the source. However, detections of the early inspiral phase by the gravitational wave detectors would allow the observation of the earlier stages of the merger in the electromagnetic band, improving multimessenger astronomy and giving access to new information. In this paper, we introduce a new machine-learning-based approach to produce early-warning alerts for an inspiraling binary neutron star system, based only on the early inspiral part of the signal. We give a proof of concept to show the possibility to use a combination of small convolutional neural networks trained on the whitened detector strain in the time domain to detect and classify early inspirals. Each of those is targeting a specific range of chirp masses dividing the binary neutron star category into three subclasses: light, intermediate, and heavy. In this work, we focus on one LIGO detector at design sensitivity and generate noise from the design power spectral density. We show that within this setup it is possible to produce an early alert up to 100 seconds before the merger for the best-case scenario. We also present some future upgrades that will enhance the detection capabilities of our convolutional neural networks. Finally, we also show that the current number of detections for a realistic binary neutron star population is comparable to that of matched filtering and that there is a high probability to detect GW170817- and GW190425-like events at design sensitivity.

Original languageEnglish
Article number102003
Pages (from-to)1-11
Number of pages11
JournalPhysical Review D
Volume103
Issue number10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 May 2021

Funding

The authors thank Michal Bejger, Chris Messenger and Andrew Miller for their useful comments, as well as Maxime Fays, Vincent Boudart and Chris Van Den Broeck for useful discussions. G. B. is supported by a FRIA grant from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Belgium. J. R. C. acknowledges the support of the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS, Belgium, under Grant No. 4.4501.19. M. L., S. C., A. R., and J. J. are supported by the research program of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). The authors are grateful for computational resources provided by the LIGO Laboratory and supported by the National Science Foundation Grants No. PHY-0757058 and No. PHY-0823459.

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