Constraining the Moho Depth Below Bhutan With Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry

Anne Obermann; Elmer Ruigrok; Irene Bianchi; György Hetényi

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.658146

Constraining the Moho Depth Below Bhutan With Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry

Anne Obermann^*, Elmer Ruigrok, Irene Bianchi, György Hetényi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

We use a novel technique named global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) to image the lithospheric structure, and in particular the Moho, below two parallel north-south transects belonging to the GANSSER network (2013–2014). The profiles cross the Himalayan orogenic wedge in Bhutan, a tectonically important area within the largest continent-continent collision zone on Earth that is still undergoing crustal thickening and represents a challenging imaging target for the GloPSI approach. GloPSI makes use of direct waves from distant earthquakes and receiver-side reverberations with near vertical incidence. Reflections are isolated from earthquake recordings by solving a correlation integral and are turned into a reflectivity image of the lithosphere below the arrays. Our results compare favorably with first-order features observed from a previous receiver function (RF) study. We show that a combined interpretation of GloPSI and RF results allows for a more in-depth understanding of the lithospheric structure across the orogenic wedge in Bhutan.

Original language	English
Article number	658146
Pages (from-to)	1-8
Journal	Frontiers in Earth Science
Volume	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.658146
Publication status	Published - 26 Apr 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript. Funding. The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware.

Funding Information:
The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware.

Funding Information:
We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Obermann, Ruigrok, Bianchi and Hetényi.

Funding

We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript. Funding. The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript.

Keywords

Bhutan
global-phase seismic interferometry
Himalaya
Main Himalayan Thrust
Moho

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feart-09-658146Final published version, 2.53 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Constraining the Moho Depth Below Bhutan With Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry",

abstract = "We use a novel technique named global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) to image the lithospheric structure, and in particular the Moho, below two parallel north-south transects belonging to the GANSSER network (2013–2014). The profiles cross the Himalayan orogenic wedge in Bhutan, a tectonically important area within the largest continent-continent collision zone on Earth that is still undergoing crustal thickening and represents a challenging imaging target for the GloPSI approach. GloPSI makes use of direct waves from distant earthquakes and receiver-side reverberations with near vertical incidence. Reflections are isolated from earthquake recordings by solving a correlation integral and are turned into a reflectivity image of the lithosphere below the arrays. Our results compare favorably with first-order features observed from a previous receiver function (RF) study. We show that a combined interpretation of GloPSI and RF results allows for a more in-depth understanding of the lithospheric structure across the orogenic wedge in Bhutan.",

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note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript. Funding. The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. Funding Information: The deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021-143467 (GH). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910-2012). The instrumental pool of the SED and SEG groups at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. Funding Information: We are grateful to the entire field team and the local population for their help in the field experiment, and for the ELAB colleagues from SED for their technical support. IB acknowledges the support of the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Project J 4314-N29. We like to thank the two reviewers whose help improved the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Obermann, Ruigrok, Bianchi and Het{\'e}nyi.",

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N2 - We use a novel technique named global-phase seismic interferometry (GloPSI) to image the lithospheric structure, and in particular the Moho, below two parallel north-south transects belonging to the GANSSER network (2013–2014). The profiles cross the Himalayan orogenic wedge in Bhutan, a tectonically important area within the largest continent-continent collision zone on Earth that is still undergoing crustal thickening and represents a challenging imaging target for the GloPSI approach. GloPSI makes use of direct waves from distant earthquakes and receiver-side reverberations with near vertical incidence. Reflections are isolated from earthquake recordings by solving a correlation integral and are turned into a reflectivity image of the lithosphere below the arrays. Our results compare favorably with first-order features observed from a previous receiver function (RF) study. We show that a combined interpretation of GloPSI and RF results allows for a more in-depth understanding of the lithospheric structure across the orogenic wedge in Bhutan.

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Constraining the Moho Depth Below Bhutan With Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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