Abstract
Objectives: Economic evaluations (EEs) are commonly used by decision makers to understand the value of health interventions. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS 2022) provide reporting guidelines for EEs. Healthcare systems will increasingly see new interventions that use artificial intelligence (AI) to perform their function. We developed Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards for Interventions that use AI (CHEERS-AI) to ensure EEs of AI-based health interventions are reported in a transparent and reproducible manner. Methods: Potential CHEERS-AI reporting items were informed by 2 published systematic literature reviews of EEs and a contemporary update. A Delphi study was conducted using 3 survey rounds to elicit multidisciplinary expert views on 26 potential items, through a 9-point Likert rating scale and qualitative comments. An online consensus meeting was held to finalize outstanding reporting items. A digital health patient group reviewed the final checklist from a patient perspective. Results: A total of 58 participants responded to survey round 1, 42, and 31 of whom responded to rounds 2 and 3, respectively. Nine participants joined the consensus meeting. Ultimately, 38 reporting items were included in CHEERS-AI. They comprised the 28 original CHEERS 2022 items, plus 10 new AI-specific reporting items. Additionally, 8 of the original CHEERS 2022 items were elaborated on to ensure AI-specific nuance is reported. Conclusions: CHEERS-AI should be used when reporting an EE of an intervention that uses AI to perform its function. CHEERS-AI will help decision makers and reviewers to understand important AI-specific details of an intervention, and any implications for the EE methods used and cost-effectiveness conclusions.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1196-1205 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Value in Health |
Volume | 27 |
Issue number | 9 |
Early online date | 23 May 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2024
Funding
This study has been supported by Next Generation Health Technology Assessment (HTx) . The HTx project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 825162. Its main aim is to create a framework for the next generation of HTA to support patient-centered, societally oriented, and real-time decision making on access to and reimbursement for health technologies throughout Europe. This dissemination reflects only the authors' views, and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Stavros Petrou receives support as a UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator (NF-SI-0616-10103) and from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford and Thames Valley.
Funders | Funder number |
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Next Generation Health Technology Assessment | |
Thames Valley.Role of Funders | |
Health Technology Assessment Programme | |
Sponsors | |
NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Oxford | |
European Commission | |
HTx | |
Horizon 2020 | |
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | 825162 |
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | |
National Institute for Health and Care Research | NF-SI-0616-10103 |
National Institute for Health and Care Research |
Keywords
- artificial intelligence
- CHEERS checklist
- health economic evaluation
- reporting guideline