Abstract
Epidemiological studies often use nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or proximity to roads to characterize exposure to more health-relevant pollutants (e.g., fine particles or black carbon aerosol) in vehicle exhaust. Due to the introduction of diesel-soot filters, particle-to-NO2 ratios may have decreased, but little information is available about these ratios over time. Our study aim was to evaluate the change in particle-to-NO2 ratios between 1999 and 2009. We compared data collected during measurement campaigns in 1999 and 2009 from Munich, the Netherlands, and Stockholm. Traffic-impacted and urban and regional background sites were studied during each campaign. The same pollutants were measured in each campaign (mass concentration of particles
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 290-298 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Science of the Total Environment |
Volume | 487 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 15 Jul 2014 |
Keywords
- Traffic-related air pollution
- Pollutant ratios
- NO2
- Germany
- Sweden
- The Netherlands
- CHILDREN ATTENDING SCHOOLS
- PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION
- USE REGRESSION-MODELS
- SPATIAL VARIATION
- PERSONAL EXPOSURE
- EMISSIONS
- MASS
- ASSOCIATION
- STABILITY