Abstract
We investigate the charge-dependent flow induced by magnetic and electric fields in heavy-ion collisions. We simulate the evolution of the expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma hydrodynamically, using the iEBE-VISHNU framework, and add the magnetic and electric fields as well as the electric currents they generate in a perturbative fashion. We confirm the previously reported effect of the electromagnetically induced currents [Gursoy et al., Phys. Rev. C 89, 054905 (2014)], that is a charge-odd directed flow Δv1 that is odd in rapidity, noting that it is induced by magnetic fields (à laFaraday and Lorentz) and by electric fields (the Coulomb field from the charged spectators). In addition, we find a charge-odd Δv3 that is also odd in rapidity and that has a similar physical origin. We furthermore show that the electric field produced by the net charge density of the plasma drives rapidity-even charge-dependent contributions to the radial flow ⟨pT⟩ and the elliptic flow Δv2. Although their magnitudes are comparable to the charge-odd Δv1 and Δv3, they have a different physical origin, namely the Coulomb forces within the plasma.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 055201 |
| Journal | Physical Review C |
| Volume | 98 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 15 Nov 2018 |
Funding
This work was supported in part by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) under VIDI Grant No. 680-47-518, the Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics (D-ITP) funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW), the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), the Office of Nuclear Physics of the US Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-SC0011090, No. DE-FG-88ER40388, and No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. K.R. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the CERN Theory Group. C.S. gratefully acknowledges a Goldhaber Distinguished Fellowship from Brookhaven Science Associates. Computations were made in part on the supercomputer Guillimin from McGill University, managed by Calcul Québec and Compute Canada. The operation of this supercomputer is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), NanoQuébec, RMGA and the Fonds de recherche du Québec–Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT). U.G. is grateful for the hospitality of the Boğaziçi University and the Mimar Sinan University in Istanbul. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with G. Chen, U. Heinz, J. Margutti, R. Snellings, S. Voloshin, and F. Wang.