Abstract
Oligosaccharides are known to affect the health of infants. The analysis of these complex molecules in (human) milk samples requires state-of-the-art techniques. This study analyzed the composition and concentration of oligosaccharides in early (day 3) and mature (day 42) human milk as well as in five different infant formula brands. The oligosaccharide content decreased in human milk from 9.15 ± 0.25 g/L at day 3 to 6.38 ± 0.29 g/L at day 42 of lactation. All formulas resulted to be fortified with galacto-oligosaccharides, with one also fortified with polydextrose and another with long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides. About 130 unique oligosaccharide structures were identified in the human milk samples, whereas infant formula contained less diversity of structures. The comparisons indicated that composition and abundance of oligosaccharides unique to human milk are not yet reproduced in infant formulas. The analytical workflow developed is suitable for the determination of prebiotic oligosaccharides in foods that contain diverse carbohydrate structures.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 6851-6859 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry |
| Volume | 66 |
| Issue number | 26 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 5 Jul 2018 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:*Telephone/Fax: 530-752-0976. E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID Daniela Barile: 0000-0002-3889-1596 Funding Daniela Barile received funding from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (Hatch Project 232719) and Danone Nutricia. Notes The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Rose M. Nijman and Bernd Stahl are employees of Danone Nutricia Research. Yan Liu, Apichaya Bunyatratch-ata, Jennifer T. Smilowitz, and Daniela Barile declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.
Funding
*Telephone/Fax: 530-752-0976. E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID Daniela Barile: 0000-0002-3889-1596 Funding Daniela Barile received funding from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (Hatch Project 232719) and Danone Nutricia. Notes The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Rose M. Nijman and Bernd Stahl are employees of Danone Nutricia Research. Yan Liu, Apichaya Bunyatratch-ata, Jennifer T. Smilowitz, and Daniela Barile declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Keywords
- human milk
- infant formula
- mass spectrometry
- oligosaccharides
