Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia-a review

Paul J J Mandigers*, Koen M Santifort, Mark Lowrie, Laurent Garosi

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of involuntary, hyperkinetic movement disorders that recur episodically and may last seconds to hours. An important feature of PD is that there is no loss of consciousness during the episode. Using a clinical classification, three main types of PDs have been distinguished in canine PD: (1) paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) that commences after (sudden) movements, (2) paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) not associated with exercise and can occur at rest, and (3) paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED) associated with fatigue. Canine PDs are diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, history, and phenomenology. For the latter, a video recording of the paroxysmal event is extremely useful. An etiological classification of canine PDs includes genetic (proven and suspected), reactive (drug-induced, toxic, metabolic, and dietary), structural (neoplasia, inflammatory, and other structural causes), and unknown causes. In this review, an overview of all reported canine PDs is provided with emphasis on phenotype, genotype, and, where possible, pathophysiology and treatment for each reported canine PD.

Original languageEnglish
Article number1441332
Number of pages10
JournalFrontiers in Veterinary Science
Volume11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 18 Jul 2024

Keywords

  • cramp
  • dyskinetic
  • dystonia
  • hyperkinetic
  • movement disorder

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