Abstract
Hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary (HPB) organoids are powerful tools for studying development, disease, and regeneration. As organoid research expands, the need for clear definitions and nomenclature describing these systems also grows. To facilitate scientific communication and consistent interpretation, we revisit the concept of an organoid and introduce an intuitive classification system and nomenclature for describing these 3D structures through the consensus of experts in the field. To promote the standardization and validation of HPB organoids, we propose guidelines for establishing, characterizing, and benchmarking future systems. Finally, we address some of the major challenges to the clinical application of organoids.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 816-832 |
Number of pages | 17 |
Journal | Cell Stem Cell |
Volume | 28 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 6 May 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The L.J.W.v.d.L. lab is supported by the MLDS-Diagnostiek grant D16-26 of the Dutch Gastroenterology & Hepatology Fund (MLDS) and the Medical Delta Regenerative Medicine 4D program. The B.S. lab is supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 874586 . The L.V. lab is funded by the ERC advanced grant New-Chol, the Cambridge University Hospitals National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, and the core support grant from the Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. The M.H. lab is funded by a Lise Meitner Excellence Program award from the Max Planck Society. For a detailed breakdown of the additional affiliations, locations, and roles of each HPB Organoid Consortium member, see Table S1 .
Funding Information:
The L.J.W.v.d.L. lab is supported by the MLDS-Diagnostiek grant D16-26 of the Dutch Gastroenterology & Hepatology Fund (MLDS) and the Medical Delta Regenerative Medicine 4D program. The B.S. lab is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 874586. The L.V. lab is funded by the ERC advanced grant New-Chol, the Cambridge University Hospitals National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, and the core support grant from the Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. The M.H. lab is funded by a Lise Meitner Excellence Program award from the Max Planck Society. For a detailed breakdown of the additional affiliations, locations, and roles of each HPB Organoid Consortium member, see Table S1. A.M. and F.J.M.R. drafted the manuscript, designed the questionnaires, and contacted all experts from the HPB organoid consortium. A.M. F.J.M.R. M.M.A.V. H.G. E.d.K. F.L. S.J.F. W.C.P. M.H. T.T. L.V. H.C. L.J.W.v.d.L. and B.S. discussed questionnaire results and provided recommendations. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. H.G. M.H. T.T. L.V. and H.C. are inventors on several patents related to organoid technology.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords
- Delphi method
- HPB
- bile duct
- epithelial organoid
- gallbladder
- liver
- multi-organ organoid
- multi-tissue organoid
- pancreas
- tumor organoid