Broadening the national focus in technological innovation system analysis: The case of offshore wind

This paper empirically explores if and how the spatial dimensions of Technological Innovation System matter using the case of offshore wind in North-Western Europe. In particular, it demonstrates the territory-specific institutional embeddedness and transnational linkages effects between four national offshore wind innovation systems. The paper discusses the consequences of taking these spatial dimensions into account in the analysis of the domestic TIS performance. It argues that the acknowledgement of these dimensions contributes to better understanding of the systems' dynamics and leads to policy advice that is in sync with recent internationalisation developments in the diffusion of the offshore wind industry.