Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips

Merel Steenbergen; Colette Broekgaarden; Corné M.J. Pieterse; Saskia C.M. Van Wees

doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_7

Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips

Merel Steenbergen, Colette Broekgaarden, Corné M.J. Pieterse, Saskia C.M. Van Wees^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Thrips are tiny, cell-content–feeding insects that are a major pest on crops and ornamentals. Besides causing direct feeding damage, thrips may also cause indirect damage by vectoring tospoviruses. Novel resistance mechanisms to thrips need to be discovered and validated. Induction of jasmonic acid–dependent defenses has been demonstrated to be essential for resistance to thrips, but underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. For this, it is vital to use robust plant-thrips assays to analyze plant defense responses and thrips performance. In recently developed high-throughput phenotyping platforms, the feeding damage that is visible as silver spots, and the preference of thrips in a two-choice setup is assessed, using leaf discs. Here, we describe whole-plant thrips assays that are essential for (1) validation of findings obtained by the leaf disc assays, (2) assessment of longer-term effects on thrips feeding success and fecundity, (3) determination of spatial-temporal effects induced by primary thrips infestation on a secondary attack by thrips or other insects or pathogens, and (4) assessment of gene expression and metabolite changes. We present detailed methods and tips and tricks for (a) rearing and selection of thrips at different developmental stages, (b) treatment of the whole plant or an individual leaf with thrips, and (c) determination of feeding damage and visualization of thrips oviposition success in leaves.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Jasmonate in Plant Biology
Subtitle of host publication	Methods and Protocols
Editors	A. Champion, L. Laplaze
Place of Publication	New York
Publisher	Humana Press
Chapter	7
Pages	93-108
Number of pages	16
Edition	2
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-0716-0142-6
ISBN (Print)	978-1-0716-0141-9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_7
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2020

Publication series

Name	Methods in Molecular Biology
Volume	2085
ISSN (Print)	1064-3745
ISSN (Electronic)	1940-6029

Funding

The authors would like to thank Hans van Pelt for the nice pictures. The authors are supported by the STW Perspective program Green defence Against Pests, which is partly financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the companies Bejo Zaden, East-West Seed, Enza Zaden, KeyGene, Rijk Zwaan, and Syngenta Seeds.

Keywords

Arabidopsis thaliana
Aspirator
Cell-content–feeding insect
Clip cage
Jasmonate
Oviposition
Plant immunity
Rearing
Thrips

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10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_7

2020_Protocol_Final published version, 467 KB

Cite this

Steenbergen, M., Broekgaarden, C., Pieterse, C. M. J., & Van Wees, S. C. M. (2020). Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips. In A. Champion, & L. Laplaze (Eds.), Jasmonate in Plant Biology: Methods and Protocols (2 ed., pp. 93-108). (Methods in Molecular Biology; Vol. 2085). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_7

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abstract = "Thrips are tiny, cell-content–feeding insects that are a major pest on crops and ornamentals. Besides causing direct feeding damage, thrips may also cause indirect damage by vectoring tospoviruses. Novel resistance mechanisms to thrips need to be discovered and validated. Induction of jasmonic acid–dependent defenses has been demonstrated to be essential for resistance to thrips, but underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. For this, it is vital to use robust plant-thrips assays to analyze plant defense responses and thrips performance. In recently developed high-throughput phenotyping platforms, the feeding damage that is visible as silver spots, and the preference of thrips in a two-choice setup is assessed, using leaf discs. Here, we describe whole-plant thrips assays that are essential for (1) validation of findings obtained by the leaf disc assays, (2) assessment of longer-term effects on thrips feeding success and fecundity, (3) determination of spatial-temporal effects induced by primary thrips infestation on a secondary attack by thrips or other insects or pathogens, and (4) assessment of gene expression and metabolite changes. We present detailed methods and tips and tricks for (a) rearing and selection of thrips at different developmental stages, (b) treatment of the whole plant or an individual leaf with thrips, and (c) determination of feeding damage and visualization of thrips oviposition success in leaves.",

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Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips. / Steenbergen, Merel; Broekgaarden, Colette; Pieterse, Corné M.J. et al.
Jasmonate in Plant Biology: Methods and Protocols. ed. / A. Champion; L. Laplaze. 2. ed. New York: Humana Press, 2020. p. 93-108 (Methods in Molecular Biology; Vol. 2085).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter › Academic › peer-review

TY - CHAP

T1 - Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips

AU - Steenbergen, Merel

AU - Broekgaarden, Colette

AU - Pieterse, Corné M.J.

AU - Van Wees, Saskia C.M.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - Thrips are tiny, cell-content–feeding insects that are a major pest on crops and ornamentals. Besides causing direct feeding damage, thrips may also cause indirect damage by vectoring tospoviruses. Novel resistance mechanisms to thrips need to be discovered and validated. Induction of jasmonic acid–dependent defenses has been demonstrated to be essential for resistance to thrips, but underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. For this, it is vital to use robust plant-thrips assays to analyze plant defense responses and thrips performance. In recently developed high-throughput phenotyping platforms, the feeding damage that is visible as silver spots, and the preference of thrips in a two-choice setup is assessed, using leaf discs. Here, we describe whole-plant thrips assays that are essential for (1) validation of findings obtained by the leaf disc assays, (2) assessment of longer-term effects on thrips feeding success and fecundity, (3) determination of spatial-temporal effects induced by primary thrips infestation on a secondary attack by thrips or other insects or pathogens, and (4) assessment of gene expression and metabolite changes. We present detailed methods and tips and tricks for (a) rearing and selection of thrips at different developmental stages, (b) treatment of the whole plant or an individual leaf with thrips, and (c) determination of feeding damage and visualization of thrips oviposition success in leaves.

AB - Thrips are tiny, cell-content–feeding insects that are a major pest on crops and ornamentals. Besides causing direct feeding damage, thrips may also cause indirect damage by vectoring tospoviruses. Novel resistance mechanisms to thrips need to be discovered and validated. Induction of jasmonic acid–dependent defenses has been demonstrated to be essential for resistance to thrips, but underlying mechanisms still need to be discovered. For this, it is vital to use robust plant-thrips assays to analyze plant defense responses and thrips performance. In recently developed high-throughput phenotyping platforms, the feeding damage that is visible as silver spots, and the preference of thrips in a two-choice setup is assessed, using leaf discs. Here, we describe whole-plant thrips assays that are essential for (1) validation of findings obtained by the leaf disc assays, (2) assessment of longer-term effects on thrips feeding success and fecundity, (3) determination of spatial-temporal effects induced by primary thrips infestation on a secondary attack by thrips or other insects or pathogens, and (4) assessment of gene expression and metabolite changes. We present detailed methods and tips and tricks for (a) rearing and selection of thrips at different developmental stages, (b) treatment of the whole plant or an individual leaf with thrips, and (c) determination of feeding damage and visualization of thrips oviposition success in leaves.

KW - Arabidopsis thaliana

KW - Aspirator

KW - Cell-content–feeding insect

KW - Clip cage

KW - Jasmonate

KW - Oviposition

KW - Plant immunity

KW - Rearing

KW - Thrips

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DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_7

M3 - Chapter

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AN - SCOPUS:85075115482

SN - 978-1-0716-0141-9

T3 - Methods in Molecular Biology

SP - 93

EP - 108

BT - Jasmonate in Plant Biology

A2 - Champion, A.

A2 - Laplaze, L.

PB - Humana Press

CY - New York

ER -

Bioassays to evaluate the resistance of whole plants to the herbivorous insect thrips

Abstract

Publication series

Funding

Keywords

Access to Document

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