TY - CHAP
T1 - Between the new world and the old world
T2 - Changing contexts of exit and reception in the Bolivia–Spain migration corridor
AU - Nijenhuis, G.
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Two phases in Latin American migration to Europe are generally distinguished (Pellegrino 2004; Durand 2009). The first is commonly referred to as the phase of political exile: from the late 1960s to the 1980s mainly higher-educated Latin Americans escaped from the bureaucratic authoritarian regimes in Chile, Brazil and Uruguay and found safe havens in Europe. The second phase started around the late 1980s and consisted largely of economic (labour) migrants. These were initially mainly higher-educated professionals from Brazil, Argentina and Chile, who came as regular migrants and already had job contracts. Then in the mid-1990s, there was a huge increase in the number of irregular migrants arriving in Europe in search of more income and a better future. Many Colombians, Peruvians, Ecuadorians and later on also Bolivians found their way to Spain, since access to Spain (and to a lesser extent also to Portugal and Italy) was fairly easy as Latin Americans did not require a visa.
AB - Two phases in Latin American migration to Europe are generally distinguished (Pellegrino 2004; Durand 2009). The first is commonly referred to as the phase of political exile: from the late 1960s to the 1980s mainly higher-educated Latin Americans escaped from the bureaucratic authoritarian regimes in Chile, Brazil and Uruguay and found safe havens in Europe. The second phase started around the late 1980s and consisted largely of economic (labour) migrants. These were initially mainly higher-educated professionals from Brazil, Argentina and Chile, who came as regular migrants and already had job contracts. Then in the mid-1990s, there was a huge increase in the number of irregular migrants arriving in Europe in search of more income and a better future. Many Colombians, Peruvians, Ecuadorians and later on also Bolivians found their way to Spain, since access to Spain (and to a lesser extent also to Portugal and Italy) was fairly easy as Latin Americans did not require a visa.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062612010&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4324/9781315595740
DO - 10.4324/9781315595740
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85062612010
SN - 978-1-4094-5803-6
T3 - Border Regions Series
SP - 199
EP - 212
BT - Mobility and Migration Choices
A2 - Van der Velde, Martin
A2 - Van Naerssen, Ton
PB - Routledge
CY - Farnham
ER -