Between the new world and the old world: Changing contexts of exit and reception in the Bolivia–Spain migration corridor

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterAcademicpeer-review

    Abstract

    Two phases in Latin American migration to Europe are generally distinguished (Pellegrino 2004; Durand 2009). The first is commonly referred to as the phase of political exile: from the late 1960s to the 1980s mainly higher-educated Latin Americans escaped from the bureaucratic authoritarian regimes in Chile, Brazil and Uruguay and found safe havens in Europe. The second phase started around the late 1980s and consisted largely of economic (labour) migrants. These were initially mainly higher-educated professionals from Brazil, Argentina and Chile, who came as regular migrants and already had job contracts. Then in the mid-1990s, there was a huge increase in the number of irregular migrants arriving in Europe in search of more income and a better future. Many Colombians, Peruvians, Ecuadorians and later on also Bolivians found their way to Spain, since access to Spain (and to a lesser extent also to Portugal and Italy) was fairly easy as Latin Americans did not require a visa.

    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationMobility and Migration Choices
    Subtitle of host publicationThresholds to Crossing Borders
    EditorsMartin Van der Velde, Ton Van Naerssen
    Place of PublicationFarnham
    PublisherRoutledge
    Pages199-212
    Number of pages13
    ISBN (Electronic)978-1-4724-0762-7
    ISBN (Print)978-1-4094-5803-6
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2015

    Publication series

    NameBorder Regions Series
    PublisherAshgate

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