TY - JOUR
T1 - Application of cyclometalated rhodium(III) complexes as therapeutic agents in biomedical and luminescent cellular imaging
AU - Sohrabi, Marzieh
AU - Bikhof Torbati, Maryam
AU - Lutz, Martin
AU - Meghdadi, Soraia
AU - Farrokhpour, Hossein
AU - Amiri, Ahmad
AU - Amirnasr, Mehdi
N1 - Funding Information:
Partial support of this work by the Isfahan University of Technology Research Council (grant number 500/95/24305) is gratefully acknowledged. The X-ray diffractometer has been financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/1/15
Y1 - 2022/1/15
N2 - The synthesis and characterization of three [Rh(ppy)2(N^N)][PF6] complexes, [Rh(ppy)2(pybtz)][PF6].CH3OH (Rh1), [Rh(ppy)2(pzbtz)][PF6] (Rh2) and [Rh(ppy)2(qbtz)][PF6] (Rh3) [Hppy: 2-phenylpyridine; N^N: (pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (pybtz), (pyrazin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (pzbtz), and (quinolin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (qbtz)], and single crystal structures of Rh1 and Rh3 are reported. Rh1 and Rh3 show high fluorescent intensities upon excitation at 400 and 410 nm, respectively. Evaluation of lipophilicity by theoretical calculations indicates Rh3 > Rh1 > Rh2, introducing Rh3 as the best candidate for biological studies. The Rh3 exhibits anticancer activity, with high cellular uptake efficiency and good cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line as compared to the non-malignant MRC-5 cells. Flow cytometry have confirmed the apoptosis cell death and cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. The result of real time PCR shows that Rh3 induces apoptosis by up-regulating of p53, miR-15a, miR-16–1 and miR-29b and down regulating of bcl-2 and miR-21 at the level of RNA transcription. Importantly, cell imaging experiments have demonstrated that Rh3 can be considered as a new promising metallodrug candidate for cancer treatment.
AB - The synthesis and characterization of three [Rh(ppy)2(N^N)][PF6] complexes, [Rh(ppy)2(pybtz)][PF6].CH3OH (Rh1), [Rh(ppy)2(pzbtz)][PF6] (Rh2) and [Rh(ppy)2(qbtz)][PF6] (Rh3) [Hppy: 2-phenylpyridine; N^N: (pyridin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (pybtz), (pyrazin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (pzbtz), and (quinolin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazole (qbtz)], and single crystal structures of Rh1 and Rh3 are reported. Rh1 and Rh3 show high fluorescent intensities upon excitation at 400 and 410 nm, respectively. Evaluation of lipophilicity by theoretical calculations indicates Rh3 > Rh1 > Rh2, introducing Rh3 as the best candidate for biological studies. The Rh3 exhibits anticancer activity, with high cellular uptake efficiency and good cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell line as compared to the non-malignant MRC-5 cells. Flow cytometry have confirmed the apoptosis cell death and cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase. The result of real time PCR shows that Rh3 induces apoptosis by up-regulating of p53, miR-15a, miR-16–1 and miR-29b and down regulating of bcl-2 and miR-21 at the level of RNA transcription. Importantly, cell imaging experiments have demonstrated that Rh3 can be considered as a new promising metallodrug candidate for cancer treatment.
KW - Cell cycle
KW - Cell-imaging
KW - Cyclometalated
KW - Rh(III) complexes
KW - Theranostic agents
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116897198&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113573
DO - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113573
M3 - Article
SN - 1010-6030
VL - 423
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry
M1 - 113573
ER -