Applicability of the Long Chain Diol Index (LDI) as a Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Arabian Sea

Z. Erdem; J. Lattaud; M. R. van Erk; E. Mezger; G. J. Reichart; A. Lückge; J. S.Sinninghe Damsté; S. Schouten

doi:10.1029/2021PA004255

Applicability of the Long Chain Diol Index (LDI) as a Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Arabian Sea

Z. Erdem^*, J. Lattaud, M. R. van Erk, E. Mezger, G. J. Reichart, A. Lückge, J. S.Sinninghe Damsté, S. Schouten

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The long-chain diol index (LDI) is a relatively new proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) which has been rarely applied in upwelling regions. Here, we evaluated its application by comparison with other SST records obtained by commonly used proxies, that is, the Mg/Ca ratio of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber and the alkenone paleothermometer U^K´₃₇. We focused on the last glacial–interglacial transition of four different sedimentary archives from the western and northern Arabian Sea, which are currently under the influence of monsoon-induced upwelling and the associated development of an oxygen minimum zone. The (Formula presented.) and Mg/Ca_G.ruber SST records revealed an increase of 0.6–3.4°C from the Last Glacial Maximum to the late Holocene with somewhat higher amplitude in the northern part of the Arabian Sea than compared to the western part. In contrast, the LDI SSTs did not reveal major changes during the last glacial–interglacial transition which was followed by a decreasing trend during the Holocene. The LGM versus the Holocene LDI SSTs ranged between −0.2 and −2.7°C. Particularly at one record, offshore Oman, the SST decrease during the Holocene was high in amplitude, suggesting a potential cold bias, possibly related to changes in upwelling intensity. This indicates that care has to be taken when applying the LDI for annual mean SST reconstruction in upwelling regions.

Original language	English
Article number	e2021PA004255
Pages (from-to)	1-15
Number of pages	15
Journal	Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Volume	36
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004255
Publication status	Published - Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. R/V Pelagia

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard R/V Pelagia during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Funding

We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. R/V Pelagia We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard R/V Pelagia during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS.

Keywords

deglaciation
monsoon
multi-proxy
paleothermometer
Termination I
upwelling

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10.1029/2021PA004255

Paleoceanog and Paleoclimatol - 2021 - Erdem - Applicability of the Long Chain Diol Index LDI as a Sea SurfaceFinal published version, 1.37 MBLicence: Taverne

Cite this

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title = "Applicability of the Long Chain Diol Index (LDI) as a Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Arabian Sea",

abstract = "The long-chain diol index (LDI) is a relatively new proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) which has been rarely applied in upwelling regions. Here, we evaluated its application by comparison with other SST records obtained by commonly used proxies, that is, the Mg/Ca ratio of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber and the alkenone paleothermometer UK´37. We focused on the last glacial–interglacial transition of four different sedimentary archives from the western and northern Arabian Sea, which are currently under the influence of monsoon-induced upwelling and the associated development of an oxygen minimum zone. The (Formula presented.) and Mg/CaG.ruber SST records revealed an increase of 0.6–3.4°C from the Last Glacial Maximum to the late Holocene with somewhat higher amplitude in the northern part of the Arabian Sea than compared to the western part. In contrast, the LDI SSTs did not reveal major changes during the last glacial–interglacial transition which was followed by a decreasing trend during the Holocene. The LGM versus the Holocene LDI SSTs ranged between −0.2 and −2.7°C. Particularly at one record, offshore Oman, the SST decrease during the Holocene was high in amplitude, suggesting a potential cold bias, possibly related to changes in upwelling intensity. This indicates that care has to be taken when applying the LDI for annual mean SST reconstruction in upwelling regions.",

keywords = "deglaciation, monsoon, multi-proxy, paleothermometer, Termination I, upwelling",

author = "Z. Erdem and J. Lattaud and {van Erk}, {M. R.} and E. Mezger and Reichart, {G. J.} and A. L{\"u}ckge and Damst{\'e}, {J. S.Sinninghe} and S. Schouten",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. R/V Pelagia Funding Information: We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard R/V Pelagia during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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language = "English",

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AU - Erdem, Z.

AU - Lattaud, J.

AU - van Erk, M. R.

AU - Mezger, E.

AU - Reichart, G. J.

AU - Lückge, A.

AU - Damsté, J. S.Sinninghe

AU - Schouten, S.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007‐2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. R/V Pelagia Funding Information: We thank Dr. Naafs and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We would like to thank the crew and scientists aboard R/V Pelagia during PASOM expedition 64PE301 and Rick Hennekam for his support with the XRF data analysis. This research has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) ERC grant agreement (339206) to S.S. and by financial support from the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC) through a gravitation grant (024.002.00) from the Dutch Ministry for Education, Culture and Science to GJR, JSSD, and SS. Publisher Copyright: © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2021/12

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N2 - The long-chain diol index (LDI) is a relatively new proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) which has been rarely applied in upwelling regions. Here, we evaluated its application by comparison with other SST records obtained by commonly used proxies, that is, the Mg/Ca ratio of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber and the alkenone paleothermometer UK´37. We focused on the last glacial–interglacial transition of four different sedimentary archives from the western and northern Arabian Sea, which are currently under the influence of monsoon-induced upwelling and the associated development of an oxygen minimum zone. The (Formula presented.) and Mg/CaG.ruber SST records revealed an increase of 0.6–3.4°C from the Last Glacial Maximum to the late Holocene with somewhat higher amplitude in the northern part of the Arabian Sea than compared to the western part. In contrast, the LDI SSTs did not reveal major changes during the last glacial–interglacial transition which was followed by a decreasing trend during the Holocene. The LGM versus the Holocene LDI SSTs ranged between −0.2 and −2.7°C. Particularly at one record, offshore Oman, the SST decrease during the Holocene was high in amplitude, suggesting a potential cold bias, possibly related to changes in upwelling intensity. This indicates that care has to be taken when applying the LDI for annual mean SST reconstruction in upwelling regions.

AB - The long-chain diol index (LDI) is a relatively new proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) which has been rarely applied in upwelling regions. Here, we evaluated its application by comparison with other SST records obtained by commonly used proxies, that is, the Mg/Ca ratio of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber and the alkenone paleothermometer UK´37. We focused on the last glacial–interglacial transition of four different sedimentary archives from the western and northern Arabian Sea, which are currently under the influence of monsoon-induced upwelling and the associated development of an oxygen minimum zone. The (Formula presented.) and Mg/CaG.ruber SST records revealed an increase of 0.6–3.4°C from the Last Glacial Maximum to the late Holocene with somewhat higher amplitude in the northern part of the Arabian Sea than compared to the western part. In contrast, the LDI SSTs did not reveal major changes during the last glacial–interglacial transition which was followed by a decreasing trend during the Holocene. The LGM versus the Holocene LDI SSTs ranged between −0.2 and −2.7°C. Particularly at one record, offshore Oman, the SST decrease during the Holocene was high in amplitude, suggesting a potential cold bias, possibly related to changes in upwelling intensity. This indicates that care has to be taken when applying the LDI for annual mean SST reconstruction in upwelling regions.

KW - deglaciation

KW - monsoon

KW - multi-proxy

KW - paleothermometer

KW - Termination I

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Applicability of the Long Chain Diol Index (LDI) as a Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Arabian Sea

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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