Abstract
The multi-messenger detection of the gravitational-wave signal GW170817, the corresponding kilonova AT2017gfo and the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, as well as the observed afterglow has delivered a scientific breakthrough. For an accurate interpretation of all these different messengers, one requires robust theoretical models that describe the emitted gravitational-wave, the electromagnetic emission, and dense matter reliably. In addition, one needs efficient and accurate computational tools to ensure a correct cross-correlation between the models and the observational data. For this purpose, we have developed the Nuclear-physics and Multi-Messenger Astrophysics framework NMMA. The code allows incorporation of nuclear-physics constraints at low densities as well as X-ray and radio observations of isolated neutron stars. In previous works, the NMMA code has allowed us to constrain the equation of state of supranuclear dense matter, to measure the Hubble constant, and to compare dense-matter physics probed in neutron-star mergers and in heavy-ion collisions, and to classify electromagnetic observations and perform model selection. Here, we show an extension of the NMMA code as a first attempt of analyzing the gravitational-wave signal, the kilonova, and the gamma-ray burst afterglow simultaneously. Incorporating all available information, we estimate the radius of a 1.4M ⊙ neutron star to be R=11.98−0.40+0.35 km.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 8352 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-13 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Nature Communications |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 20 Dec 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023, The Author(s).
Funding
We thank N. Andersson, R. Essick, P. Landry, and J. Margueron for insightful discussions. P.T.H.P. and C.V.D.B. are supported by the research program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). T.D. acknowledges support of the Daimler and Benz Foundation. M.W.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation with grant numbers PHY-2308862 and OAC-2117997. M.B. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (Reg. no. 2020-03330). The work of I.T. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Los Alamos National Laboratory under project number 20220658ER, and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. J.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation with grant number PHY-1806990. Funded/Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, SMArt, 101076369). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Computations have been performed on the Minerva HPC cluster of the Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Physics and on SuperMUC-NG (LRZ) under project number pn56zo. Computational resources have also been provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. 89233218CNA000001, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Resources supporting this work were provided by the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) at University of Minnesota under the project “Identification of Variable Objects in the Zwicky Transient Facility,” and the Supercomputing Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. This research has made use of data, software and/or web tools obtained from the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center ( https://www.gw-openscience.org ), a service of LIGO Laboratory, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration. This material is based upon work supported by NSF’s LIGO Laboratory which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. Virgo is funded by the French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Italian Istituto Nazionale della Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and the Dutch Nikhef, with contributions by Polish and Hungarian institutes. We thank N. Andersson, R. Essick, P. Landry, and J. Margueron for insightful discussions. P.T.H.P. and C.V.D.B. are supported by the research program of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). T.D. acknowledges support of the Daimler and Benz Foundation. M.W.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation with grant numbers PHY-2308862 and OAC-2117997. M.B. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (Reg. no. 2020-03330). The work of I.T. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Los Alamos National Laboratory under project number 20220658ER, and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program. J.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation with grant number PHY-1806990. Funded/Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, SMArt, 101076369). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. Computations have been performed on the Minerva HPC cluster of the Max-Planck-Institute for Gravitational Physics and on SuperMUC-NG (LRZ) under project number pn56zo. Computational resources have also been provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing Program, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. 89233218CNA000001, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Resources supporting this work were provided by the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute (MSI) at University of Minnesota under the project “Identification of Variable Objects in the Zwicky Transient Facility,” and the Supercomputing Laboratory at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. This research has made use of data, software and/or web tools obtained from the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (https://www.gw-openscience.org), a service of LIGO Laboratory, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration. This material is based upon work supported by NSF’s LIGO Laboratory which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. Virgo is funded by the French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Italian Istituto Nazionale della Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and the Dutch Nikhef, with contributions by Polish and Hungarian institutes.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Gravitational Wave Open Science Center | |
| Italian Istituto Nazionale della Fisica Nucleare | |
| National Science Foundation | PHY-2308862, OAC-2117997 |
| U.S. Department of Energy | |
| Office of Science | |
| National Nuclear Security Administration | 89233218CNA000001, DE-AC02-05CH11231 |
| Advanced Scientific Computing Research | PHY-1806990 |
| Nuclear Physics Group | DE-AC52-06NA25396 |
| Laboratory Directed Research and Development | |
| University of Minnesota Rochester | |
| Los Alamos National Laboratory | 20220658ER |
| Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota | |
| European Commission | |
| European Research Council | 101076369 |
| Daimler und Benz Stiftung | |
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
| Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare | |
| King Abdullah University of Science and Technology | |
| Vetenskapsrådet | 2020-03330 |
| CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | |
| Leibniz-Rechenzentrum |