An economic and greenhouse gas footprint assessment of international maritime transportation of hydrogen using liquid organic hydrogen carriers

João Godinho; Ric Hoefnagels; Catarina G. Braz; Ana M. Sousa; José F.O. Granjo

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.127673

An economic and greenhouse gas footprint assessment of international maritime transportation of hydrogen using liquid organic hydrogen carriers

João Godinho, Ric Hoefnagels^*, Catarina G. Braz, Ana M. Sousa, José F.O. Granjo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The supply, storage, and (international) transport of green hydrogen (H₂) are essential for the decarbonization of the energy sector. The goal of this study was to assess the final cost-price and carbon footprint of imported green H₂ in the market via maritime shipping of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), including dibenzyl toluene-perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (DBT-PDBT) and toluene-methylcyclohexane (TOL-MCH) systems. The study focused on logistic steps in intra-European supply chains in different scenarios of future production in Portugal and demand in the Netherlands and carbon tariffs between 2030 and 2050. The case study is based on a formally accepted agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands within the Strategic Forum on Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Under the following assumptions, the results show that LOHCs are a viable technical-economic solution, with logistics costs from 2030 to 2050 varying between 0.30 and 0.37 €/kg-H₂ for DBT-PDBT and 0.28–0.34 €/kg-H₂ for TOL-MCH. The associated CO₂ emissions of these international H₂ supply chains are between 0.46 and 2.46 kg-CO₂/GJ (LHV) and 0.55–2.95 kg-CO₂/GJ (LHV) for DBT-PDBT and TOL-MCH, respectively.

Original language	English
Article number	127673
Pages (from-to)	1-14
Number of pages	14
Journal	Energy
Volume	278
Issue number	Part A
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127673
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CERENA, Portugal (strategic project FCT-UIDB/UIBD/04028/2020 ), as well as the FCT: Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal , for the financial support, through the Grant SFRH/BD/131005/2017 .

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors

Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CERENA, Portugal (strategic project FCT-UIDB/UIBD/04028/2020 ), as well as the FCT: Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal , for the financial support, through the Grant SFRH/BD/131005/2017 .

Keywords

Dibenzyltoluene
Green H
LOHC
Supply chain
Toluene

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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1-s2.0-S0360544223010678-mainFinal published version, 6.18 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "An economic and greenhouse gas footprint assessment of international maritime transportation of hydrogen using liquid organic hydrogen carriers",

abstract = "The supply, storage, and (international) transport of green hydrogen (H2) are essential for the decarbonization of the energy sector. The goal of this study was to assess the final cost-price and carbon footprint of imported green H2 in the market via maritime shipping of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), including dibenzyl toluene-perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (DBT-PDBT) and toluene-methylcyclohexane (TOL-MCH) systems. The study focused on logistic steps in intra-European supply chains in different scenarios of future production in Portugal and demand in the Netherlands and carbon tariffs between 2030 and 2050. The case study is based on a formally accepted agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands within the Strategic Forum on Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Under the following assumptions, the results show that LOHCs are a viable technical-economic solution, with logistics costs from 2030 to 2050 varying between 0.30 and 0.37 €/kg-H2 for DBT-PDBT and 0.28–0.34 €/kg-H2 for TOL-MCH. The associated CO2 emissions of these international H2 supply chains are between 0.46 and 2.46 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) and 0.55–2.95 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) for DBT-PDBT and TOL-MCH, respectively.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CERENA, Portugal (strategic project FCT-UIDB/UIBD/04028/2020 ), as well as the FCT: Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal , for the financial support, through the Grant SFRH/BD/131005/2017 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

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AU - Sousa, Ana M.

AU - Granjo, José F.O.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from CERENA, Portugal (strategic project FCT-UIDB/UIBD/04028/2020 ), as well as the FCT: Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal , for the financial support, through the Grant SFRH/BD/131005/2017 . Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

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N2 - The supply, storage, and (international) transport of green hydrogen (H2) are essential for the decarbonization of the energy sector. The goal of this study was to assess the final cost-price and carbon footprint of imported green H2 in the market via maritime shipping of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), including dibenzyl toluene-perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (DBT-PDBT) and toluene-methylcyclohexane (TOL-MCH) systems. The study focused on logistic steps in intra-European supply chains in different scenarios of future production in Portugal and demand in the Netherlands and carbon tariffs between 2030 and 2050. The case study is based on a formally accepted agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands within the Strategic Forum on Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Under the following assumptions, the results show that LOHCs are a viable technical-economic solution, with logistics costs from 2030 to 2050 varying between 0.30 and 0.37 €/kg-H2 for DBT-PDBT and 0.28–0.34 €/kg-H2 for TOL-MCH. The associated CO2 emissions of these international H2 supply chains are between 0.46 and 2.46 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) and 0.55–2.95 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) for DBT-PDBT and TOL-MCH, respectively.

AB - The supply, storage, and (international) transport of green hydrogen (H2) are essential for the decarbonization of the energy sector. The goal of this study was to assess the final cost-price and carbon footprint of imported green H2 in the market via maritime shipping of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), including dibenzyl toluene-perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (DBT-PDBT) and toluene-methylcyclohexane (TOL-MCH) systems. The study focused on logistic steps in intra-European supply chains in different scenarios of future production in Portugal and demand in the Netherlands and carbon tariffs between 2030 and 2050. The case study is based on a formally accepted agreement between Portugal and the Netherlands within the Strategic Forum on Important Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Under the following assumptions, the results show that LOHCs are a viable technical-economic solution, with logistics costs from 2030 to 2050 varying between 0.30 and 0.37 €/kg-H2 for DBT-PDBT and 0.28–0.34 €/kg-H2 for TOL-MCH. The associated CO2 emissions of these international H2 supply chains are between 0.46 and 2.46 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) and 0.55–2.95 kg-CO2/GJ (LHV) for DBT-PDBT and TOL-MCH, respectively.

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ER -

An economic and greenhouse gas footprint assessment of international maritime transportation of hydrogen using liquid organic hydrogen carriers

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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