An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing

Saba Gholizadeh Ansari; I. S.W.B. Prasetya; Mehdi Dastani; Frank Dignum; Gabriele Keller

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9

An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing

Saba Gholizadeh Ansari^*, I. S.W.B. Prasetya, Mehdi Dastani, Frank Dignum, Gabriele Keller

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Player experience (PX) evaluation has become a field of interest in the game industry. Several manual PX techniques have been introduced to assist developers to understand and evaluate the experience of players in computer games. However, automated testing of player experience still needs to be addressed. An automated player experience testing framework would allow designers to evaluate the PX requirements in the early development stages without the necessity of participating human players. In this paper, we propose an automated player experience testing approach by suggesting a formal model of event-based emotions. In particular, we discuss an event-based transition system to formalize relevant emotions using Ortony, Clore, & Collins (OCC) theory of emotions. A working prototype of the model is integrated on top of Aplib, a tactical agent programming library, to create intelligent PX test agents, capable of appraising emotions in a 3D game case study. The results are graphically shown e.g. as heat maps. Visualization of the test agent’s emotions would ultimately help game designers to produce contents that evoke a certain experience in players.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers
Editors	Natasha Alechina, Matteo Baldoni, Brian Logan
Publisher	Springer
Pages	156-174
Number of pages	19
ISBN (Print)	9783030974565
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9
Publication status	Published - 2022
Event	9th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, EMAS 2021 - London, United Kingdom Duration: 3 May 2021 → 4 May 2021

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	13190 LNAI
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	9th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, EMAS 2021
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	London
Period	3/05/21 → 4/05/21

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work is funded by EU H2020 Research and Innovation grant 856716, project iv4XR.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Funding

This work is funded by EU H2020 Research and Innovation grant 856716, project iv4XR.

Keywords

Agent-based testing
Automated player experience testing
Emotional modeling of game player
Formal model of emotion
Intelligent agent

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9

978-3-030-97457-2_9Final published version, 1.97 MBLicence: Taverne

Cite this

Ansari, S. G., Prasetya, I. S. W. B., Dastani, M., Dignum, F., & Keller, G. (2022). An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing. In N. Alechina, M. Baldoni, & B. Logan (Eds.), Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 156-174). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 13190 LNAI). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9

Ansari, Saba Gholizadeh ; Prasetya, I. S.W.B. ; Dastani, Mehdi et al. / An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing. Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers. editor / Natasha Alechina ; Matteo Baldoni ; Brian Logan. Springer, 2022. pp. 156-174 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

@inproceedings{2aec4a259d19429db89ce50a38539ca2,

title = "An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing",

abstract = "Player experience (PX) evaluation has become a field of interest in the game industry. Several manual PX techniques have been introduced to assist developers to understand and evaluate the experience of players in computer games. However, automated testing of player experience still needs to be addressed. An automated player experience testing framework would allow designers to evaluate the PX requirements in the early development stages without the necessity of participating human players. In this paper, we propose an automated player experience testing approach by suggesting a formal model of event-based emotions. In particular, we discuss an event-based transition system to formalize relevant emotions using Ortony, Clore, \& Collins (OCC) theory of emotions. A working prototype of the model is integrated on top of Aplib, a tactical agent programming library, to create intelligent PX test agents, capable of appraising emotions in a 3D game case study. The results are graphically shown e.g. as heat maps. Visualization of the test agent{\textquoteright}s emotions would ultimately help game designers to produce contents that evoke a certain experience in players.",

keywords = "Agent-based testing, Automated player experience testing, Emotional modeling of game player, Formal model of emotion, Intelligent agent",

author = "Ansari, \{Saba Gholizadeh\} and Prasetya, \{I. S.W.B.\} and Mehdi Dastani and Frank Dignum and Gabriele Keller",

note = "Funding Information: This work is funded by EU H2020 Research and Innovation grant 856716, project iv4XR. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.; 9th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, EMAS 2021 ; Conference date: 03-05-2021 Through 04-05-2021",

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Ansari, SG, Prasetya, ISWB , Dastani, M , Dignum, F & Keller, G 2022, An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing. in N Alechina, M Baldoni & B Logan (eds), Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 13190 LNAI, Springer, pp. 156-174, 9th International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, EMAS 2021, London, United Kingdom, 3/05/21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9

An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing. / Ansari, Saba Gholizadeh; Prasetya, I. S.W.B.; Dastani, Mehdi et al.
Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers. ed. / Natasha Alechina; Matteo Baldoni; Brian Logan. Springer, 2022. p. 156-174 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 13190 LNAI).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing

AU - Ansari, Saba Gholizadeh

AU - Prasetya, I. S.W.B.

AU - Dastani, Mehdi

AU - Dignum, Frank

AU - Keller, Gabriele

PY - 2022

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N2 - Player experience (PX) evaluation has become a field of interest in the game industry. Several manual PX techniques have been introduced to assist developers to understand and evaluate the experience of players in computer games. However, automated testing of player experience still needs to be addressed. An automated player experience testing framework would allow designers to evaluate the PX requirements in the early development stages without the necessity of participating human players. In this paper, we propose an automated player experience testing approach by suggesting a formal model of event-based emotions. In particular, we discuss an event-based transition system to formalize relevant emotions using Ortony, Clore, & Collins (OCC) theory of emotions. A working prototype of the model is integrated on top of Aplib, a tactical agent programming library, to create intelligent PX test agents, capable of appraising emotions in a 3D game case study. The results are graphically shown e.g. as heat maps. Visualization of the test agent’s emotions would ultimately help game designers to produce contents that evoke a certain experience in players.

AB - Player experience (PX) evaluation has become a field of interest in the game industry. Several manual PX techniques have been introduced to assist developers to understand and evaluate the experience of players in computer games. However, automated testing of player experience still needs to be addressed. An automated player experience testing framework would allow designers to evaluate the PX requirements in the early development stages without the necessity of participating human players. In this paper, we propose an automated player experience testing approach by suggesting a formal model of event-based emotions. In particular, we discuss an event-based transition system to formalize relevant emotions using Ortony, Clore, & Collins (OCC) theory of emotions. A working prototype of the model is integrated on top of Aplib, a tactical agent programming library, to create intelligent PX test agents, capable of appraising emotions in a 3D game case study. The results are graphically shown e.g. as heat maps. Visualization of the test agent’s emotions would ultimately help game designers to produce contents that evoke a certain experience in players.

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BT - Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers

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PB - Springer

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ER -

Ansari SG, Prasetya ISWB , Dastani M , Dignum F , Keller G. An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing. In Alechina N, Baldoni M, Logan B, editors, Engineering Multi-Agent Systems - 9th International Workshop, EMAS 2021, Revised Selected Papers. Springer. 2022. p. 156-174. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-97457-2_9

An Appraisal Transition System for Event-Driven Emotions in Agent-Based Player Experience Testing

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Keywords

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