Advances in the understanding of multi-scale and coupled evolution of orogens, sedimentary basins and the underlying lithosphere

Liviu Matenco, Attila Balázs, Fadi Henri Nader, Bilal U. Haq, László Fodor

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

The integrated understanding of processes and mechanisms driving the coupled evolution of orogens and sedimentary basins and the underlying lithosphere-mantle system, requires a multi-scale temporal and spatial approach that crosses the traditional boundaries of disciplines and methodologies. While analysing the sedimentary infill we need to account for the characteristics and variations of the exhumation, evolving topography and external forcing in the source area, and the complexity of a transport system that is often characterized by a massive unidirectional sediment influx during moments of activity at tipping points or gateways. Such an influx can often span across multiple depocenters and sedimentary basins and is conditioned by an evolving structural geometry that can migrate in time, directly related to the evolving lithospheric structure in orogens that are influenced by their inherited rheology. Depocenters can be fed from multiple directions, while having an endemic or endorheic character during key evolutionary moments. The thermal structure and its variability in continental and oceanic domains conditions the rheology and subsequent structural evolution of the orogens, subduction zones and sedimentary basins, with significant consequences for understanding societally relevant issues. Quantifying basin deposition requires analysing the sediment transport network that can often span multiple interacting orogenic and sedimentary systems, where understanding the allogenic or autogenic nature of sedimentary processes can be significantly enhanced by knowing the inherited and evolving structural and tectonic parameters. Such sedimentary quantification is important for understanding the orogenic structure and the evolution of subduction systems, that include mechanisms such as cycles of burial-exhumation, formation of highly arcuate orogens and timings of nappe stacking events. Deriving processes in orogen - sedimentary basins systems also requires testing process-oriented hypotheses by focused studies in well-known natural laboratories, such as the examples from the Pannonian-Carpathians - Alps - Dinarides system and its analogues used by the numerous contributions in the special Global and Planetary Change issue entitled Understanding the multi-scale and coupled evolution of orogens, sedimentary basins and their underlying lithosphere, whose significance is explained in our review.
Original languageEnglish
Article number103689
Pages (from-to)1-23
JournalGlobal and Planetary Change
Volume208
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study and the special volume of Global and Planetary Change is part of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP), as a contribution of its Task Force VI Sedimentary Basins, coordinated by Liviu Matenco and Fadi Henri Nader. The special volume is a result of the discussions and research presented during the 2019 ILP Task Force VI Sedimentary Basins meeting in Héviz, Hungary, organized by László Fodor, Attila Balázs and Szilvia Kövér. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Ferenc (Frank) Horváth, professor at ELTE University Budapest, Hungary, pioneer, advanced researcher and outstanding Earth Sciences promotor in understanding the coupled evolution of the Pannonian Basin and surrounding orogenic systems. The guest editors are indebted to the high enthusiasm of the conference participants, many of them converted in contributing authors of an exceptional special Global and Planetary Change issue composed of 34 major contributions in almost all fields of Earth Sciences. The guest editors are grateful to the guidance and help of the overseeing editor in chief and managing editor of Global and Planetary Change, Zhengtang Guo and Howard Falcon-Lang, whose contribution and extended work has been essential for the success of many contributions in the special issue. The authors are grateful to the useful suggestions and improvements of Piotr Krzywiec and an anonymous reviewer that have improved the quality of the original manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors

Keywords

  • Carpathians-Dinarides-Alps system
  • Lithosphere
  • Orogens
  • Pannonian Basin
  • Process-oriented coupling
  • Sedimentary basins

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