Administrative law enforcement of EU law

Administrative law is an essential means of enforcement of EU law. It has evolved during the years, although not in a coherent way. Future research and practice should therefore focus on systematizing the applicable administrative tools, in general and within composite enforcement procedures in particular, both in order to promote legal certainty, fairness and trust. Key challenges concern questions of jurisdiction and the intensity of judicial review, the protection by fundamental rights and judicial cooperation. In addition, it is essential to empirically examine assumptions underlying the increasing Europeanization of administrative enforcement tools in Member States by means of secondary EU law.