Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene

Dimitris Evangelinos; Carlota Escutia; Tina van de Flierdt; Luis Valero; José Abel Flores; David M. Harwood; Frida S. Hoem; Peter Bijl; Johan Etourneau; Katharina Kreissig; Katrina Nilsson-Kerr; Liam Holder; Adrián López-Quirós; Ariadna Salabarnada

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene

Dimitris Evangelinos^*, Carlota Escutia, Tina van de Flierdt, Luis Valero, José Abel Flores, David M. Harwood, Frida S. Hoem, Peter Bijl, Johan Etourneau, Katharina Kreissig, Katrina Nilsson-Kerr, Liam Holder, Adrián López-Quirós, Ariadna Salabarnada

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The vigorous eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects all major ocean basins and plays a prominent role in the transport of heat, carbon and nutrients around the globe. However, the establishment of a deep circumpolar flow, similar to the present-day ACC, remains controversial thereby obscuring our understanding of its climatic impact. Deciphering the chemical composition of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) within the ACC can provide critical insights about its development and evolution. Here we present new fossil fish teeth/bone debris neodymium isotope (ε_Nd) records from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 278 and 274 in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with the aim to trace changes in deep water masses across the Tasmanian Gateway between the early Oligocene and early Miocene (~ 33–22 Ma). Site 274 provides the first Nd isotope record proximal to the Ross Sea during the Oligocene (33.5–23.4 Ma). Its Nd isotope composition shows excursions to very radiogenic values, ε_Nd(t) = −3.1 and ε_Nd(t)= − 3.7, at 33.5 Ma and 23.8 Ma, respectively, in response to major steps in Antarctic ice sheet expansion. A shift to lower, more unradiogenic ε_Nd(t) values between 29.7 and 29.1 Ma is linked to an increased influence of proto-CDW upwelling at the site. In contrast, the Nd isotope record from Site 278 in the southern Emerald Basin shows little variability (ε_Nd(t) = −6.0 to −6.7) throughout the Oligocene and early Miocene (30.9–21.8 Ma). Comparison with published data north of the ACC path, demonstrates the presence of two deep water masses in the South Pacific prior to the inferred onset of the ACC (33–30 Ma), one occupying depths between ~2500 and 3000 m (ε_Nd(t)= ~ −3 to −5) and a deep/bottom water mass (> 3000 m) with a more unradiogenic Nd isotope composition (ε_Nd(t)= ~ −6). Site 278 located close to the proto-polar front (proto-PF) indicates that following the inferred onset of the ACC, deep waters bathing the southern Emerald Basin remained more radiogenic in the Southwest Pacific compared to sites along the proto-PF in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean (ε_Nd(t)= ~ −8.1). This indicates a provinciality in Nd isotope compositions of deep waters along the proto-PF across the Tasmanian Gateway. Our data are incompatible with the existence of a modern-like homogenous (lateral and vertical) Nd isotope composition of CDW along the main flow path of the ACC in all oceanic basins in the Oligocene to early Miocene. We attribute distinct Nd isotope compositions of deep waters across the Tasmanian Gateway to reflect a less deep reaching and weaker ACC (proto-ACC) than today. Our findings suggest that the modern strong and deep-reaching ACC flow must have been developed at a later point in the Neogene.

Original language	English
Article number	103718
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Journal	Global and Planetary Change
Volume	208
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718
Publication status	Published - Jan 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme.

Funding Information:
This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016 ; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P ), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds ; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme. This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016 ; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P ), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds ; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme.

Keywords

ACC
CDW
Deep ocean circulation
Neodymium isotope ratios
Oligocene-early Miocene
Tasmanian Gateway

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10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

1-s2.0-S0921818121003039-mainFinal published version, 5.38 MBLicence: Taverne

Cite this

Evangelinos, D., Escutia, C., van de Flierdt, T., Valero, L., Flores, J. A., Harwood, D. M., Hoem, F. S., Bijl, P., Etourneau, J., Kreissig, K., Nilsson-Kerr, K., Holder, L., López-Quirós, A., & Salabarnada, A. (2022). Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene. Global and Planetary Change, 208, 1-12. Article 103718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

@article{66a267974f1b487082b54c65fb5ed035,

title = "Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene",

abstract = "The vigorous eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects all major ocean basins and plays a prominent role in the transport of heat, carbon and nutrients around the globe. However, the establishment of a deep circumpolar flow, similar to the present-day ACC, remains controversial thereby obscuring our understanding of its climatic impact. Deciphering the chemical composition of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) within the ACC can provide critical insights about its development and evolution. Here we present new fossil fish teeth/bone debris neodymium isotope (εNd) records from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 278 and 274 in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with the aim to trace changes in deep water masses across the Tasmanian Gateway between the early Oligocene and early Miocene (~ 33–22 Ma). Site 274 provides the first Nd isotope record proximal to the Ross Sea during the Oligocene (33.5–23.4 Ma). Its Nd isotope composition shows excursions to very radiogenic values, εNd(t) = −3.1 and εNd(t)= − 3.7, at 33.5 Ma and 23.8 Ma, respectively, in response to major steps in Antarctic ice sheet expansion. A shift to lower, more unradiogenic εNd(t) values between 29.7 and 29.1 Ma is linked to an increased influence of proto-CDW upwelling at the site. In contrast, the Nd isotope record from Site 278 in the southern Emerald Basin shows little variability (εNd(t) = −6.0 to −6.7) throughout the Oligocene and early Miocene (30.9–21.8 Ma). Comparison with published data north of the ACC path, demonstrates the presence of two deep water masses in the South Pacific prior to the inferred onset of the ACC (33–30 Ma), one occupying depths between ~2500 and 3000 m (εNd(t)= ~ −3 to −5) and a deep/bottom water mass (> 3000 m) with a more unradiogenic Nd isotope composition (εNd(t)= ~ −6). Site 278 located close to the proto-polar front (proto-PF) indicates that following the inferred onset of the ACC, deep waters bathing the southern Emerald Basin remained more radiogenic in the Southwest Pacific compared to sites along the proto-PF in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean (εNd(t)= ~ −8.1). This indicates a provinciality in Nd isotope compositions of deep waters along the proto-PF across the Tasmanian Gateway. Our data are incompatible with the existence of a modern-like homogenous (lateral and vertical) Nd isotope composition of CDW along the main flow path of the ACC in all oceanic basins in the Oligocene to early Miocene. We attribute distinct Nd isotope compositions of deep waters across the Tasmanian Gateway to reflect a less deep reaching and weaker ACC (proto-ACC) than today. Our findings suggest that the modern strong and deep-reaching ACC flow must have been developed at a later point in the Neogene.",

keywords = "ACC, CDW, Deep ocean circulation, Neodymium isotope ratios, Oligocene-early Miocene, Tasmanian Gateway",

author = "Dimitris Evangelinos and Carlota Escutia and {van de Flierdt}, Tina and Luis Valero and Flores, {Jos{\'e} Abel} and Harwood, {David M.} and Hoem, {Frida S.} and Peter Bijl and Johan Etourneau and Katharina Kreissig and Katrina Nilsson-Kerr and Liam Holder and Adri{\'a}n L{\'o}pez-Quir{\'o}s and Ariadna Salabarnada",

note = "Funding Information: This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme. Funding Information: This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016 ; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P ), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds ; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718",

language = "English",

volume = "208",

pages = "1--12",

journal = "Global and Planetary Change",

issn = "0921-8181",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

}

Evangelinos, D, Escutia, C, van de Flierdt, T, Valero, L, Flores, JA, Harwood, DM, Hoem, FS, Bijl, P, Etourneau, J, Kreissig, K, Nilsson-Kerr, K, Holder, L, López-Quirós, A & Salabarnada, A 2022, 'Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene', Global and Planetary Change, vol. 208, 103718, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

TY - JOUR

T1 - Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene

AU - Evangelinos, Dimitris

AU - Escutia, Carlota

AU - van de Flierdt, Tina

AU - Valero, Luis

AU - Flores, José Abel

AU - Harwood, David M.

AU - Hoem, Frida S.

AU - Bijl, Peter

AU - Etourneau, Johan

AU - Kreissig, Katharina

AU - Nilsson-Kerr, Katrina

AU - Holder, Liam

AU - López-Quirós, Adrián

AU - Salabarnada, Ariadna

N1 - Funding Information: This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme. Funding Information: This research used samples provided by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). We acknowledge the staff and shipboard party from Legs 28 and 29. We thank the staff at the Gulf Coast core repository (GCR) for curating these cores and assistance in core handling and shipping. We also acknowledge the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of Barcelona (CSIC-CCiTUB). We also thank Denise Kulhanek and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, which improved this paper. Funding to this research is provided by the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation Ph.D. research grant: F ZL 016-1/2015-2016 ; the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity (grants CTM2017-89711-C2-1/2-P ), co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds ; and an ECORD Research grant awarded to DE. PKB and FH acknowledge funding through the European Research Council starting grant #802835 OceaNice and NWO polar programme grant ALWPP2016.001. This paper is a contribution to the SCAR PAIS Programme. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/1

Y1 - 2022/1

N2 - The vigorous eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects all major ocean basins and plays a prominent role in the transport of heat, carbon and nutrients around the globe. However, the establishment of a deep circumpolar flow, similar to the present-day ACC, remains controversial thereby obscuring our understanding of its climatic impact. Deciphering the chemical composition of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) within the ACC can provide critical insights about its development and evolution. Here we present new fossil fish teeth/bone debris neodymium isotope (εNd) records from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 278 and 274 in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with the aim to trace changes in deep water masses across the Tasmanian Gateway between the early Oligocene and early Miocene (~ 33–22 Ma). Site 274 provides the first Nd isotope record proximal to the Ross Sea during the Oligocene (33.5–23.4 Ma). Its Nd isotope composition shows excursions to very radiogenic values, εNd(t) = −3.1 and εNd(t)= − 3.7, at 33.5 Ma and 23.8 Ma, respectively, in response to major steps in Antarctic ice sheet expansion. A shift to lower, more unradiogenic εNd(t) values between 29.7 and 29.1 Ma is linked to an increased influence of proto-CDW upwelling at the site. In contrast, the Nd isotope record from Site 278 in the southern Emerald Basin shows little variability (εNd(t) = −6.0 to −6.7) throughout the Oligocene and early Miocene (30.9–21.8 Ma). Comparison with published data north of the ACC path, demonstrates the presence of two deep water masses in the South Pacific prior to the inferred onset of the ACC (33–30 Ma), one occupying depths between ~2500 and 3000 m (εNd(t)= ~ −3 to −5) and a deep/bottom water mass (> 3000 m) with a more unradiogenic Nd isotope composition (εNd(t)= ~ −6). Site 278 located close to the proto-polar front (proto-PF) indicates that following the inferred onset of the ACC, deep waters bathing the southern Emerald Basin remained more radiogenic in the Southwest Pacific compared to sites along the proto-PF in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean (εNd(t)= ~ −8.1). This indicates a provinciality in Nd isotope compositions of deep waters along the proto-PF across the Tasmanian Gateway. Our data are incompatible with the existence of a modern-like homogenous (lateral and vertical) Nd isotope composition of CDW along the main flow path of the ACC in all oceanic basins in the Oligocene to early Miocene. We attribute distinct Nd isotope compositions of deep waters across the Tasmanian Gateway to reflect a less deep reaching and weaker ACC (proto-ACC) than today. Our findings suggest that the modern strong and deep-reaching ACC flow must have been developed at a later point in the Neogene.

AB - The vigorous eastward flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) connects all major ocean basins and plays a prominent role in the transport of heat, carbon and nutrients around the globe. However, the establishment of a deep circumpolar flow, similar to the present-day ACC, remains controversial thereby obscuring our understanding of its climatic impact. Deciphering the chemical composition of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) within the ACC can provide critical insights about its development and evolution. Here we present new fossil fish teeth/bone debris neodymium isotope (εNd) records from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Sites 278 and 274 in the southwest Pacific Ocean, with the aim to trace changes in deep water masses across the Tasmanian Gateway between the early Oligocene and early Miocene (~ 33–22 Ma). Site 274 provides the first Nd isotope record proximal to the Ross Sea during the Oligocene (33.5–23.4 Ma). Its Nd isotope composition shows excursions to very radiogenic values, εNd(t) = −3.1 and εNd(t)= − 3.7, at 33.5 Ma and 23.8 Ma, respectively, in response to major steps in Antarctic ice sheet expansion. A shift to lower, more unradiogenic εNd(t) values between 29.7 and 29.1 Ma is linked to an increased influence of proto-CDW upwelling at the site. In contrast, the Nd isotope record from Site 278 in the southern Emerald Basin shows little variability (εNd(t) = −6.0 to −6.7) throughout the Oligocene and early Miocene (30.9–21.8 Ma). Comparison with published data north of the ACC path, demonstrates the presence of two deep water masses in the South Pacific prior to the inferred onset of the ACC (33–30 Ma), one occupying depths between ~2500 and 3000 m (εNd(t)= ~ −3 to −5) and a deep/bottom water mass (> 3000 m) with a more unradiogenic Nd isotope composition (εNd(t)= ~ −6). Site 278 located close to the proto-polar front (proto-PF) indicates that following the inferred onset of the ACC, deep waters bathing the southern Emerald Basin remained more radiogenic in the Southwest Pacific compared to sites along the proto-PF in the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean (εNd(t)= ~ −8.1). This indicates a provinciality in Nd isotope compositions of deep waters along the proto-PF across the Tasmanian Gateway. Our data are incompatible with the existence of a modern-like homogenous (lateral and vertical) Nd isotope composition of CDW along the main flow path of the ACC in all oceanic basins in the Oligocene to early Miocene. We attribute distinct Nd isotope compositions of deep waters across the Tasmanian Gateway to reflect a less deep reaching and weaker ACC (proto-ACC) than today. Our findings suggest that the modern strong and deep-reaching ACC flow must have been developed at a later point in the Neogene.

KW - ACC

KW - CDW

KW - Deep ocean circulation

KW - Neodymium isotope ratios

KW - Oligocene-early Miocene

KW - Tasmanian Gateway

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U2 - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

DO - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103718

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85120803075

SN - 0921-8181

VL - 208

SP - 1

EP - 12

JO - Global and Planetary Change

JF - Global and Planetary Change

M1 - 103718

ER -

Absence of a strong, deep-reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current zonal flow across the Tasmanian gateway during the Oligocene to early Miocene

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