@article{8acefb974ffd473493196b82b14c3e0e,
title = "{\textquoteleft}A welcoming refuge?{\textquoteright} The experiences of European Jewish refugees in the Dutch East Indies, set against other Asian destinations, 1933-1965.",
abstract = "Historians have often studied European Jews in connection with the Second World War. However, their experiences as refugees in Asian colonies are less examined. In this article I examine European Jewish refugees in the Dutch East Indies, with British India, Singapore and Shanghai as counterpoints. The focus is on the way European Jewish refugees were received and how that impacted their identity, as well as the role of international organisations. By using ego documents and articles from local newspapers I assess the meaning of the Dutch East Indies as a place of refuge for European Jewish refugees among other Asian destinations.",
keywords = "British India, Dutch East Indies, European Jewish Refugees, Nazi persecution, Shanghai, Singapore, identity, international connections",
author = "{Rosen Jacobson}, Liesbeth",
note = "Funding Information: An article from the Times of India, published in June 1939, showed that in order to be admitted to India, European Jews had to cross a lot of obstacles, which the British authorities had implemented on purpose: {\textquoteleft}Refugees are not allowed to land in India indiscriminately. No foreign Jew is granted a visa, unless he has sufficient means to maintain himself, or has obtained an appointment in India, or is able to find a guarantor offering to maintain him in India for life.{\textquoteright} Another article published in the same newspaper in February 1939 reports on a period of five years during which Jews are required to {\textquoteleft}settle on a satisfactory basis{\textquoteright}, so that they will not become a financial burden on the country. This is supported by secondary literature that indicates that the Government of India had made arrangements with the India Office to admit Jewish refugees if the Council for German Jewry offered a financial guarantee for five years. If at that point a refugee had not found employment in India yet, he would be sent back to the United Kingdom at the council{\textquoteright}s expenses. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2021",
doi = "10.1080/1462169X.2021.1916705",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
pages = "154--173",
journal = "Jewish Culture and History",
issn = "1462-169X",
publisher = "Routledge",
number = "2",
}