A taxonomy of threat and soothing influences in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and central sensitivity syndromes

K. Hijne; L. Gerritsen; A.M. Pinto; J.A.P. da Silva; J.F.  van Eck van der Sluijs; R. Geenen

doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100420

A taxonomy of threat and soothing influences in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and central sensitivity syndromes

K. Hijne^*
, L. Gerritsen
, A.M. Pinto
, J.A.P. da Silva
, J.F. van Eck van der Sluijs
, R. Geenen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Altrecht Institute for Mental Health Care

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Background
An imbalance in affect regulation, reflected by a hyperactive threat system and hypoactive soothing system, may impact physical symptoms in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and central sensitivity syndromes (CSS), including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to identify and structure comprehensive overviews of threat and soothing influences that may worsen or alleviate physical symptoms in people with RMD or CSS.

Method
A concept mapping procedure was used. An online open-question survey (N = 686, 641 [93.4%] women) yielded comprehensive sets of 40 threats and 40 soothers that were individually sorted by people with RMD or CSS (N = 115, 112 [97.4%] women).

Results
Hierarchical cluster analyses generated eight threat clusters: environmental stimuli, physical symptoms, food and drugs, inactivity, demands, effort, invalidation, and emotional stress. Ten soother clusters were identified: social emotional support, rest and balance, pleasant surroundings, illness understanding, positive mindset and autonomy, spirituality, leisure activity, wellness, treatment and care, and nutrition and treats.

Conclusions
Our study provided a comprehensive taxonomy of threats and soothers in people with RMD or CSS. The results can be used in experimental research to label threat and soothing stimuli and in clinical practice to screen and monitor relevant treatment targets.

Original language	English
Article number	100420
Pages (from-to)	1-9
Number of pages	9
Journal	International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology
Volume	24
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100420
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2024

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023

Funding

We thank Eva Anagnostaki, Eefje Overgaauw, Raffaella Papi, Tulasi Pino, Yliane Prent, Zev Reerds, and Renate Schelwald for collecting and selecting threats and soothers in people with chronic physical symptoms, Karin Bruynesteyn, Jonna Dorst, Michelle van der Heijden, Karlijn Honig, and Marianne Visser for their contribution in determining the number of clusters and their labels, and all patients that participated in the online survey and card sorting task.

Keywords

Affect regulation
Central sensitivity syndromes
Concept mapping
Personalized treatment
Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

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1-s2.0-S169726002300056X-mainFinal published version, 3.18 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "A taxonomy of threat and soothing influences in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and central sensitivity syndromes",

abstract = "Background An imbalance in affect regulation, reflected by a hyperactive threat system and hypoactive soothing system, may impact physical symptoms in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and central sensitivity syndromes (CSS), including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to identify and structure comprehensive overviews of threat and soothing influences that may worsen or alleviate physical symptoms in people with RMD or CSS. Method A concept mapping procedure was used. An online open-question survey (N = 686, 641 [93.4\%] women) yielded comprehensive sets of 40 threats and 40 soothers that were individually sorted by people with RMD or CSS (N = 115, 112 [97.4\%] women). Results Hierarchical cluster analyses generated eight threat clusters: environmental stimuli, physical symptoms, food and drugs, inactivity, demands, effort, invalidation, and emotional stress. Ten soother clusters were identified: social emotional support, rest and balance, pleasant surroundings, illness understanding, positive mindset and autonomy, spirituality, leisure activity, wellness, treatment and care, and nutrition and treats. Conclusions Our study provided a comprehensive taxonomy of threats and soothers in people with RMD or CSS. The results can be used in experimental research to label threat and soothing stimuli and in clinical practice to screen and monitor relevant treatment targets.",

keywords = "Affect regulation, Central sensitivity syndromes, Concept mapping, Personalized treatment, Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases",

author = "K. Hijne and L. Gerritsen and A.M. Pinto and \{da Silva\}, J.A.P. and \{van Eck van der Sluijs\}, J.F. and R. Geenen",

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AU - Pinto, A.M.

AU - da Silva, J.A.P.

AU - van Eck van der Sluijs, J.F.

AU - Geenen, R.

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N2 - Background An imbalance in affect regulation, reflected by a hyperactive threat system and hypoactive soothing system, may impact physical symptoms in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and central sensitivity syndromes (CSS), including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to identify and structure comprehensive overviews of threat and soothing influences that may worsen or alleviate physical symptoms in people with RMD or CSS. Method A concept mapping procedure was used. An online open-question survey (N = 686, 641 [93.4%] women) yielded comprehensive sets of 40 threats and 40 soothers that were individually sorted by people with RMD or CSS (N = 115, 112 [97.4%] women). Results Hierarchical cluster analyses generated eight threat clusters: environmental stimuli, physical symptoms, food and drugs, inactivity, demands, effort, invalidation, and emotional stress. Ten soother clusters were identified: social emotional support, rest and balance, pleasant surroundings, illness understanding, positive mindset and autonomy, spirituality, leisure activity, wellness, treatment and care, and nutrition and treats. Conclusions Our study provided a comprehensive taxonomy of threats and soothers in people with RMD or CSS. The results can be used in experimental research to label threat and soothing stimuli and in clinical practice to screen and monitor relevant treatment targets.

AB - Background An imbalance in affect regulation, reflected by a hyperactive threat system and hypoactive soothing system, may impact physical symptoms in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and central sensitivity syndromes (CSS), including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome. This study aimed to identify and structure comprehensive overviews of threat and soothing influences that may worsen or alleviate physical symptoms in people with RMD or CSS. Method A concept mapping procedure was used. An online open-question survey (N = 686, 641 [93.4%] women) yielded comprehensive sets of 40 threats and 40 soothers that were individually sorted by people with RMD or CSS (N = 115, 112 [97.4%] women). Results Hierarchical cluster analyses generated eight threat clusters: environmental stimuli, physical symptoms, food and drugs, inactivity, demands, effort, invalidation, and emotional stress. Ten soother clusters were identified: social emotional support, rest and balance, pleasant surroundings, illness understanding, positive mindset and autonomy, spirituality, leisure activity, wellness, treatment and care, and nutrition and treats. Conclusions Our study provided a comprehensive taxonomy of threats and soothers in people with RMD or CSS. The results can be used in experimental research to label threat and soothing stimuli and in clinical practice to screen and monitor relevant treatment targets.

KW - Affect regulation

KW - Central sensitivity syndromes

KW - Concept mapping

KW - Personalized treatment

KW - Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases

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A taxonomy of threat and soothing influences in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases and central sensitivity syndromes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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