A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt

André Niemeijer; Martijn van den Ende; Chris Spiers; Chris Marone

doi:10.1201/9781003295808-4

A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt

André Niemeijer
, Martijn van den Ende
, Chris Spiers
, Chris Marone

Universite Cote d'Azur
Pennsylvania State University

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic

Abstract

We review and discuss experimental observations of the frictional sliding of
porous, fluid saturated faults in salt. In previous work, granular salt has been used almost
exclusively as an analogue for quartz under hydrothermal conditions due to its high solubility
at room temperature. However, the frictional behavior of salt itself is of interest, since
localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear might occur at low effective stresses, such as
those expected if migrating brine permeates localized zones during salt tectonics or after
cavern abandonment. Results from slide-hold-slide experiments, performed at room
temperature and an effective normal stress of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPa, show that porous/granular
faults in salt regain strength within hours. Slip-dependent weakening, velocity-weakening and
stick-slip behavior were observed during sliding at constant velocity, implying significant
potential for unstable, localized deformation under fluid-saturated conditions. The results
demonstrate that localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear of salt could occur in fluidpermeated zones at interfaces between lithologies, is potentially unstable and might provide
pathways for fluid expulsion.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022
Editors	J.H.P. de Bresser, M.R. Drury, P. A. Fokker, M. Gazzani, S.J.T. Hangx, A.R. Niemeijer, C.J. Spiers
Place of Publication	London
Publisher	CRC Press
Pages	38-45
Number of pages	8
Edition	1
ISBN (Electronic)	9781003295808
ISBN (Print)	9781032282206
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003295808-4
Publication status	Published - 5 Jul 2022
Event	10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt - Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Duration: 6 Jul 2022 → 8 Jul 2022

Conference

Conference	10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt
Abbreviated title	SaltMech X
Country/Territory	Netherlands
City	Utrecht
Period	6/07/22 → 8/07/22

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10.1201_9781003295808-4_chapterpdfFinal published version, 4.73 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

1 Book editing

The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022
de Bresser, J. H. P. (Editor), Drury, M. R. (Editor), Fokker, P. A. (Editor), Gazzani, M. (Editor), Hangx, S. J. T. (Editor), Niemeijer, A. R. (Editor) & Spiers, C. J. (Editor), 5 Jul 2022, 1 ed. London: CRC Press. 690 p.
Research output: Book/Report › Book editing › Academic

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Niemeijer, A., van den Ende, M., Spiers, C., & Marone, C. (2022). A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt. In J. H. P. D. Bresser, M. R. Drury, P. A. Fokker, M. Gazzani, S. J. T. Hangx, A. R. Niemeijer, & C. J. Spiers (Eds.), The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022 (1 ed., pp. 38-45). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003295808-4

Niemeijer, André ; van den Ende, Martijn ; Spiers, Chris et al. / A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt. The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022. editor / J.H.P. de Bresser ; M.R. Drury ; P. A. Fokker ; M. Gazzani ; S.J.T. Hangx ; A.R. Niemeijer ; C.J. Spiers. 1. ed. London : CRC Press, 2022. pp. 38-45

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abstract = "We review and discuss experimental observations of the frictional sliding of porous, fluid saturated faults in salt. In previous work, granular salt has been used almost exclusively as an analogue for quartz under hydrothermal conditions due to its high solubility at room temperature. However, the frictional behavior of salt itself is of interest, since localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear might occur at low effective stresses, such as those expected if migrating brine permeates localized zones during salt tectonics or after cavern abandonment. Results from slide-hold-slide experiments, performed at room temperature and an effective normal stress of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPa, show that porous/granular faults in salt regain strength within hours. Slip-dependent weakening, velocity-weakening and stick-slip behavior were observed during sliding at constant velocity, implying significant potential for unstable, localized deformation under fluid-saturated conditions. The results demonstrate that localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear of salt could occur in fluidpermeated zones at interfaces between lithologies, is potentially unstable and might provide pathways for fluid expulsion. ",

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Niemeijer, A, van den Ende, M, Spiers, C & Marone, C 2022, A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt. in JHPD Bresser, MR Drury, PA Fokker, M Gazzani, SJT Hangx, AR Niemeijer & CJ Spiers (eds), The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022. 1 edn, CRC Press, London, pp. 38-45, 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt, Utrecht, Netherlands, 6/07/22. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003295808-4

A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt. / Niemeijer, André; van den Ende, Martijn; Spiers, Chris et al.
The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022. ed. / J.H.P. de Bresser; M.R. Drury; P. A. Fokker; M. Gazzani; S.J.T. Hangx; A.R. Niemeijer; C.J. Spiers. 1. ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. p. 38-45.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic

TY - GEN

T1 - A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt

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N2 - We review and discuss experimental observations of the frictional sliding of porous, fluid saturated faults in salt. In previous work, granular salt has been used almost exclusively as an analogue for quartz under hydrothermal conditions due to its high solubility at room temperature. However, the frictional behavior of salt itself is of interest, since localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear might occur at low effective stresses, such as those expected if migrating brine permeates localized zones during salt tectonics or after cavern abandonment. Results from slide-hold-slide experiments, performed at room temperature and an effective normal stress of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPa, show that porous/granular faults in salt regain strength within hours. Slip-dependent weakening, velocity-weakening and stick-slip behavior were observed during sliding at constant velocity, implying significant potential for unstable, localized deformation under fluid-saturated conditions. The results demonstrate that localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear of salt could occur in fluidpermeated zones at interfaces between lithologies, is potentially unstable and might provide pathways for fluid expulsion.

AB - We review and discuss experimental observations of the frictional sliding of porous, fluid saturated faults in salt. In previous work, granular salt has been used almost exclusively as an analogue for quartz under hydrothermal conditions due to its high solubility at room temperature. However, the frictional behavior of salt itself is of interest, since localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear might occur at low effective stresses, such as those expected if migrating brine permeates localized zones during salt tectonics or after cavern abandonment. Results from slide-hold-slide experiments, performed at room temperature and an effective normal stress of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPa, show that porous/granular faults in salt regain strength within hours. Slip-dependent weakening, velocity-weakening and stick-slip behavior were observed during sliding at constant velocity, implying significant potential for unstable, localized deformation under fluid-saturated conditions. The results demonstrate that localized frictional or frictional-viscous shear of salt could occur in fluidpermeated zones at interfaces between lithologies, is potentially unstable and might provide pathways for fluid expulsion.

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BT - The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X

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A2 - Drury, M.R.

A2 - Fokker, P. A.

A2 - Gazzani, M.

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A2 - Spiers, C.J.

PB - CRC Press

CY - London

T2 - 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt

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ER -

Niemeijer A, van den Ende M, Spiers C, Marone C. A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt. In Bresser JHPD, Drury MR, Fokker PA, Gazzani M, Hangx SJT, Niemeijer AR, Spiers CJ, editors, The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022. 1 ed. London: CRC Press. 2022. p. 38-45 doi: 10.1201/9781003295808-4

A review of frictional sliding on brine-penetrated faults in salt

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Research output

The Mechanical Behavior of Salt X: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Salt (SaltMech X), Utrecht, The Netherlands, 06-08 July 2022

Cite this