A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

M. Bressi; F. Cavalli; J.P. Putaud; R. Fröhlich; J.-E. Petit; W. Aas; M. Äijälä; A. Alastuey; J.D. Allan; M. Aurela; M. Berico; A. Bougiatioti; N. Bukowiecki; F. Canonaco; V. Crenn; S. Dusanter; M. Ehn; M. Elsasser; H. Flentje; P. Graf; D.C. Green; L. Heikkinen; H. Hermann; R. Holzinger; C. Hueglin; H. Keernik; A. Kiendler-Scharr; L. Kubelová; C. Lunder; M. Maasikmets; O. Makeš; A. Malaguti; N. Mihalopoulos; J.B. Nicolas; C. O'Dowd; J. Ovadnevaite; E. Petralia; L. Poulain; M. Priestman; V. Riffault; A. Ripoll; P. Schlag; J. Schwarz; J. Sciare; J. Slowik; Y. Sosedova; I. Stavroulas; E. Teinemaa; M. Via; P. Vodička; P.I. Williams; A. Wiedensohler; D.E. Young; S. Zhang; O. Favez; M.C. Minguillón; A.S.H. Prevot

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

M. Bressi, F. Cavalli, J.P. Putaud, R. Fröhlich, J.-E. Petit, W. Aas, M. Äijälä, A. Alastuey, J.D. Allan, M. Aurela, M. Berico, A. Bougiatioti, N. Bukowiecki, F. Canonaco, V. Crenn, S. Dusanter, M. Ehn, M. Elsasser, H. Flentje, P. GrafD.C. Green, L. Heikkinen, H. Hermann, R. Holzinger, C. Hueglin, H. Keernik, A. Kiendler-Scharr, L. Kubelová, C. Lunder, M. Maasikmets, O. Makeš, A. Malaguti, N. Mihalopoulos, J.B. Nicolas, C. O'Dowd, J. Ovadnevaite, E. Petralia, L. Poulain, M. Priestman, V. Riffault, A. Ripoll, P. Schlag, J. Schwarz, J. Sciare, J. Slowik, Y. Sosedova, I. Stavroulas, E. Teinemaa, M. Via, P. Vodička, P.I. Williams, A. Wiedensohler, D.E. Young, S. Zhang, O. Favez, M.C. Minguillón, A.S.H. Prevot

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites.

Original language	Undefined/Unknown
Article number	100108
Journal	Atmospheric Environment: X
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108
Publication status	Published - 2021

Keywords

Aerosol
Chemical composition
Mass spectrometry
Phenomenology

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Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J. P., Fröhlich, R., Petit, J.-E., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Allan, J. D., Aurela, M., Berico, M., Bougiatioti, A., Bukowiecki, N., Canonaco, F., Crenn, V., Dusanter, S., Ehn, M., Elsasser, M., Flentje, H., ... Prevot, A. S. H. (2021). A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe. Atmospheric Environment: X, 10, Article 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

@article{2452dc6db9fd47ecb668d6494e3e15ee,

title = "A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe",

abstract = "Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites.",

keywords = "Aerosol, Chemical composition, Mass spectrometry, Phenomenology",

author = "M. Bressi and F. Cavalli and J.P. Putaud and R. Fr{\"o}hlich and J.-E. Petit and W. Aas and M. {\"A}ij{\"a}l{\"a} and A. Alastuey and J.D. Allan and M. Aurela and M. Berico and A. Bougiatioti and N. Bukowiecki and F. Canonaco and V. Crenn and S. Dusanter and M. Ehn and M. Elsasser and H. Flentje and P. Graf and D.C. Green and L. Heikkinen and H. Hermann and R. Holzinger and C. Hueglin and H. Keernik and A. Kiendler-Scharr and L. Kubelov{\'a} and C. Lunder and M. Maasikmets and O. Make{\v s} and A. Malaguti and N. Mihalopoulos and J.B. Nicolas and C. O'Dowd and J. Ovadnevaite and E. Petralia and L. Poulain and M. Priestman and V. Riffault and A. Ripoll and P. Schlag and J. Schwarz and J. Sciare and J. Slowik and Y. Sosedova and I. Stavroulas and E. Teinemaa and M. Via and P. Vodi{\v c}ka and P.I. Williams and A. Wiedensohler and D.E. Young and S. Zhang and O. Favez and M.C. Minguill{\'o}n and A.S.H. Prevot",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108",

language = "Undefined/Unknown",

volume = "10",

journal = "Atmospheric Environment: X",

issn = "2590-1621",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

}

Bressi, M, Cavalli, F, Putaud, JP, Fröhlich, R, Petit, J-E, Aas, W, Äijälä, M, Alastuey, A, Allan, JD, Aurela, M, Berico, M, Bougiatioti, A, Bukowiecki, N, Canonaco, F, Crenn, V, Dusanter, S, Ehn, M, Elsasser, M, Flentje, H, Graf, P, Green, DC, Heikkinen, L, Hermann, H, Holzinger, R, Hueglin, C, Keernik, H, Kiendler-Scharr, A, Kubelová, L, Lunder, C, Maasikmets, M, Makeš, O, Malaguti, A, Mihalopoulos, N, Nicolas, JB, O'Dowd, C, Ovadnevaite, J, Petralia, E, Poulain, L, Priestman, M, Riffault, V, Ripoll, A, Schlag, P, Schwarz, J, Sciare, J, Slowik, J, Sosedova, Y, Stavroulas, I, Teinemaa, E, Via, M, Vodička, P, Williams, PI, Wiedensohler, A, Young, DE, Zhang, S, Favez, O, Minguillón, MC & Prevot, ASH 2021, 'A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe', Atmospheric Environment: X, vol. 10, 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

TY - JOUR

T1 - A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

AU - Bressi, M.

AU - Cavalli, F.

AU - Putaud, J.P.

AU - Fröhlich, R.

AU - Petit, J.-E.

AU - Aas, W.

AU - Äijälä, M.

AU - Alastuey, A.

AU - Allan, J.D.

AU - Aurela, M.

AU - Berico, M.

AU - Bougiatioti, A.

AU - Bukowiecki, N.

AU - Canonaco, F.

AU - Crenn, V.

AU - Dusanter, S.

AU - Ehn, M.

AU - Elsasser, M.

AU - Flentje, H.

AU - Graf, P.

AU - Green, D.C.

AU - Heikkinen, L.

AU - Hermann, H.

AU - Holzinger, R.

AU - Hueglin, C.

AU - Keernik, H.

AU - Kiendler-Scharr, A.

AU - Kubelová, L.

AU - Lunder, C.

AU - Maasikmets, M.

AU - Makeš, O.

AU - Malaguti, A.

AU - Mihalopoulos, N.

AU - Nicolas, J.B.

AU - O'Dowd, C.

AU - Ovadnevaite, J.

AU - Petralia, E.

AU - Poulain, L.

AU - Priestman, M.

AU - Riffault, V.

AU - Ripoll, A.

AU - Schlag, P.

AU - Schwarz, J.

AU - Sciare, J.

AU - Slowik, J.

AU - Sosedova, Y.

AU - Stavroulas, I.

AU - Teinemaa, E.

AU - Via, M.

AU - Vodička, P.

AU - Williams, P.I.

AU - Wiedensohler, A.

AU - Young, D.E.

AU - Zhang, S.

AU - Favez, O.

AU - Minguillón, M.C.

AU - Prevot, A.S.H.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites.

AB - Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites.

KW - Aerosol

KW - Chemical composition

KW - Mass spectrometry

KW - Phenomenology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85102803508&partnerID=MN8TOARS

U2 - 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

DO - 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108

M3 - Article

SN - 2590-1621

VL - 10

JO - Atmospheric Environment: X

JF - Atmospheric Environment: X

M1 - 100108

ER -

A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

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Keywords

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