Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is one of the most promising contributors to net-zero energy buildings, while also increasing the aesthetic value of the built environment. Nevertheless, it currently is predominantly operating in a niche market of ~ 1% of the global photovoltaics market. In this paper we provide a thorough Multi Criteria Decision Analysis of the BIPV ecosystem (markets, stakeholders, and policy and legislation) in various European countries, i.e. the Netherlands, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Environmental legislation and building requirements were found to be similar, as all countries have the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in common. It was found that implementation of the EPBD differs per country, evidenced by different support schemes in effect. Also, harmonisation of building codes hampers BIPV development. The analysis provides a basis for developing a BIPV ecosystem, which may differ per country. Also, clearly the BIPV sector crosses national boundaries, and should therefore be reviewed and developed from an international perspective.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1027-1040 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
Volume | 90 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2018 |
Funding
This research was performed as part of the Energy Science Master program of Utrecht University and was kindly hosted by Berenschot group, division Strategy, Funding and Innovation. Financial support is acknowledged from the European Fund for Regional Development “ Op-Zuid ”, under contract 31B1.0308 (Werkelijk bouwen aan BIPV). The authors would like to thank all persons and organizations that have cooperated in the research for sharing their information and knowledge. Finally, the authors would like to thank reviewers for their valuable comments that have improved this paper considerably.
Keywords
- Aesthetics
- BIPV
- Building integrated photovoltaics
- Built environment
- Multi Criteria Decision Analysis
- Photovoltaics