3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT

Swetha Pala; Nina E Hänninen; Ali Mohammadi; Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi; Nikae C R Te Moller; Harold Brommer; P René van Weeren; Janne T A Mäkelä; Rami K Korhonen; Isaac O Afara; Juha Töyräs; Santtu Mikkonen; Mikko J Nissi; Olli Nykänen

doi:10.1002/jor.25629

3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT

Swetha Pala, Nina E Hänninen, Ali Mohammadi, Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi, Nikae C R Te Moller, Harold Brommer, P René van Weeren, Janne T A Mäkelä, Rami K Korhonen, Isaac O Afara, Juha Töyräs, Santtu Mikkonen, Mikko J Nissi^*, Olli Nykänen

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Eastern Finland

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T₁ relaxation time mapping utilizing three-dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T₁ relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband-sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin-O-stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T₁ relaxation times. T₁ relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T₁ relaxation times correlated weakly (R_s ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (R_s ≈ 0.21). T₁ relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39-week timepoint post-injury. These findings support that T₁ relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2657-2666
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Orthopaedic Research
Volume	41
Issue number	12
Early online date	19 May 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25629
Publication status	Published - Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.

Funding

This study was made possible by the Academy of Finland projects (#285909, #319440, #324529, #325146, #325022, #337550, #315820), Finnish Cultural Foundation (#00180787), North‐Savonia Regional Fund (#65211960), NWO Graduate Programme Grant (022.005.018), and support from the Dutch Arthritis Association grant LLP‐22. This work was carried out with the support of Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (part of Biocenter Kuopio, Finnish Biomedical Imaging Node, and EuroBioImaging). Support from Mr. Henri Leskinen with scripts for profile computation is gratefully acknowledged.

Funders	Funder number
Biocenter Kuopio
Kuopio Biomedical Imaging Unit
North-Savonia Regional Fund
North‐Savonia Regional Fund	65211960
Itä-Suomen Yliopisto
Biokeskus Kuopio, Itä-Suomen yliopisto
Academy of Finland	319440, 285909, 337550, 324529, 325022, 315820, 325146
Suomen Kulttuurirahasto	00180787
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek	022.005.018
Dutch Arthritis Association	LLP‐22

Keywords

T relaxation
equine model
post-traumatic osteoarthritis
proteoglycan content
quantitative MRI

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Journal Orthopaedic Research - 2023 - Pala - 3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post‐traumaticFinal published version, 2.86 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Pala, S., Hänninen, N. E., Mohammadi, A., Ebrahimi, M., Te Moller, N. C. R., Brommer, H., René van Weeren, P., Mäkelä, J. T. A., Korhonen, R. K., Afara, I. O., Töyräs, J., Mikkonen, S., Nissi, M. J., & Nykänen, O. (2023). 3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 41(12), 2657-2666. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25629

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title = "3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT",

abstract = "The aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T1 relaxation time mapping utilizing three-dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T1 relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband-sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin-O-stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T1 relaxation times. T1 relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T1 relaxation times correlated weakly (Rs ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (Rs ≈ 0.21). T1 relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39-week timepoint post-injury. These findings support that T1 relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.",

keywords = "T relaxation, equine model, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, proteoglycan content, quantitative MRI",

author = "Swetha Pala and H{\"a}nninen, {Nina E} and Ali Mohammadi and Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi and {Te Moller}, {Nikae C R} and Harold Brommer and {Ren{\'e} van Weeren}, P and M{\"a}kel{\"a}, {Janne T A} and Korhonen, {Rami K} and Afara, {Isaac O} and Juha T{\"o}yr{\"a}s and Santtu Mikkonen and Nissi, {Mikko J} and Olli Nyk{\"a}nen",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research{\textregistered} published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.",

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Pala, S, Hänninen, NE, Mohammadi, A, Ebrahimi, M, Te Moller, NCR , Brommer, H , René van Weeren, P, Mäkelä, JTA, Korhonen, RK, Afara, IO, Töyräs, J, Mikkonen, S, Nissi, MJ & Nykänen, O 2023, '3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT', Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2657-2666. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.25629

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AU - Pala, Swetha

AU - Hänninen, Nina E

AU - Mohammadi, Ali

AU - Ebrahimi, Mohammadhossein

AU - Te Moller, Nikae C R

AU - Brommer, Harold

AU - René van Weeren, P

AU - Mäkelä, Janne T A

AU - Korhonen, Rami K

AU - Afara, Isaac O

AU - Töyräs, Juha

AU - Mikkonen, Santtu

AU - Nissi, Mikko J

AU - Nykänen, Olli

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N2 - The aim of this study is to assess whether articular cartilage changes in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), induced by surgical creation of standard (blunt) grooves, and very subtle sharp grooves, could be detected with ex vivo T1 relaxation time mapping utilizing three-dimensional (3D) readout sequence with zero echo time. Grooves were made on the articular surfaces of the middle carpal and radiocarpal joints of nine mature Shetland ponies and osteochondral samples were harvested at 39 weeks after being euthanized under respective ethical permissions. T1 relaxation times of the samples (n = 8 + 8 for experimental and n = 12 for contralateral controls) were measured with a variable flip angle 3D multiband-sweep imaging with Fourier transform sequence. Equilibrium and instantaneous Young's moduli and proteoglycan (PG) content from OD of Safranin-O-stained histological sections were measured and utilized as reference parameters for the T1 relaxation times. T1 relaxation time was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groove areas, particularly in the blunt grooves, compared with control samples, with the largest changes observed in the superficial half of the cartilage. T1 relaxation times correlated weakly (Rs ≈ 0.33) with equilibrium modulus and PG content (Rs ≈ 0.21). T1 relaxation time in the superficial articular cartilage is sensitive to changes induced by the blunt grooves but not to the much subtler sharp grooves, at the 39-week timepoint post-injury. These findings support that T1 relaxation time has potential in detection of mild PTOA, albeit the most subtle changes could not be detected.

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3D T1 relaxation time measurements in an equine model of subtle post-traumatic osteoarthritis using MB-SWIFT

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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